Editing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (section)

=== Supplemental scales ===

To supplement these multidimensional scales and to assist in interpreting the frequently seen diffuse elevations due to the general factor (removed in the RC scales),<ref>Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y.S., McNulty, J.L., Arbisi, P.A., Graham, J.R., & Kaemmer, B. (2003).  ''The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales:  Development, validation, and interpretation''.  Minneapolis, MN2. ''An MMPI handbook: Vol. I. Clinical interpretation''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.</ref><ref>Caldwell, A. B. (1988). ''MMPI supplemental scale manual''. Los Angeles: Caldwell Report.</ref> the supplemental scales were also developed, with the more frequently used being the substance abuse scales (MAC-R, APS, AAS), designed to assess the extent to which a client admits to or is prone to [[substance abuse|abusing substances]], and the A (anxiety) and R (repression) scales, developed by Welsh after conducting a [[factor analysis]] of the original MMPI item pool.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbr.
! Name<ref name="MMPI-2 Scales"/>
! Description<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mtdda/webdocs/mmpi-2-training-slides/interpretation-of-mmpi-2-content-supplementary-and-psy-5-scales |title=Interpretation of MMPI-2 Content, Supplementary, and PSY-5 Scales |website=University of Minnesota Press |year=2015}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=3 | Broad personality characteristics
|-
| A
| Anxiety
| General maladjustment; symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatic complaints
|-
| R
| Repression
| Internalizing, introverted, careful and cautious lifestyle
|-
| Es
| Ego Strength
| General adjustment, resources for coping; better treatment prognosis
|-
| Do
| Dominance
| Perception of strength in self and others; self-confident; not readily intimidated
|- 
| Re
| Social Responsibility
| Accepts consequences of behavior; responsibility to social group; dependable and trustworthy
|-
! colspan=3 | Generalized emotional distress
|-
| Mt
| College Maladjustment
| Ineffective, anxious, pessimistic; developed for (but not specific to) college students
|-
| PK
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - Keane{{efn|{{cite journal |vauthors=Keane TM, Malloy PF, Fairbank JA |year=1984 |title=Empirical development of an MMPI subscale for the assessment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=888–891 |doi=10.1037/0022-006x.52.5.888 |pmid=6501674}}}}
| Intense emotional distress, anxiety, sleep disturbance; developed for (but not specific to) veterans
|-
| MDS
| Marital Distress
| Dyssatisfaction with marriage or romantic relationship
|-
! colspan=3 | Behavioral dyscontrol
|-
| Ho
| Hostility
| General maladjustment; angry, hostile, cynical, suspicious; increased risk of health problems
|-
| O-H
| Over-controlled Hostility
| Occasionally hostile, angry; intensity follows the amount of provocation
|-
| MAC-R
| MacAndrew{{efn|MacAndrew Addiction Scale; {{cite journal |vauthors=MacAndrew C |year=1965 |title=The differentiation of male alcoholic outpatients from non-alcoholic psychiatric outpatients by means of the MMPI |journal=Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=238–246 |doi=10.15288/qjsa.1965.26.238 |pmid=14320345}}}}-Revised
| Risk-taking, sensation-seeking; extroverted, exhibitionistic; risk of substance abuse; limited use for women
|-
| AAS
| Addiction Admission
| Acknowledges substance abuse, history of acting out
|-
| APS
| Addiction Potential
| Possible substance abuse problems, possible anti-social behavior
|-
! colspan=3 | Gender role
|-
| GM
| Gender Role - Masculine
| Stereotypical masculine interests and activities; denial of fears and anxieties; self-confidence
|-
| GF
| Gender Role - Feminine
| Stereotypical feminine interests and activities; denial of antisocial behavior; excessively sensitive
|}