Editing Nested function (section)

=== Alternatives by language ===

The following languages provide features that are similar to nested functions:

*[[C++]] {{endash}} classes allow for similar data hiding and encapsulation; defining a class within a class provides similar structure (see [[Function object#In C and C.2B.2B|Function object in C++]])

*[[C++11]] and later {{endash}} via lambda expressions (see quicksort example above)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_function#C.2B.2B|title = Nested function - Rosetta Code}}</ref>

*[[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]] {{endash}} explicitly disallows nesting of routines to keep the language simple; does allow the convention of using a special variable, '''Result''', to denote the result of a (value-returning) function

*[[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and [[Visual Basic .NET|Visual Basic]] {{endash}} via lambda expressions

*[[Java (programming language)|Java]] {{endash}} since Java 8, via [[Anonymous function#Java|lambda expressions]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_function#Java|title = Nested function - Rosetta Code}}</ref><!--How can a lambda expression "simulate" nested scopes, in any number of levels, containing any language element (functions, variables, constants, types) ?-->, and in older versions, via an [[anonymous class]] containing a single method