Editing Non-binary (section)

===United States===

Legal recognition of non-binary gender identities in the United States has varied significantly across time and jurisdictions. In June 2016, a court in Oregon issued the first known ruling in the U.S. recognizing a non-binary gender.<ref name="ohara2016">{{Cite web |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |date=June 10, 2016 |title='Nonbinary' is now a legal gender, Oregon court rules |url=http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal |access-date=June 10, 2016 |website=[[The Daily Dot]]}}</ref> In subsequent years, several states, beginning with California in 2017, enacted legislation or adopted policies allowing residents to select a non-binary or “X” gender marker on official documents such as driver's licenses and birth certificates.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Californian Becomes Second US Citizen Granted 'Non-Binary' Gender Status |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611 |access-date=September 26, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> As of early 2025, [[  Legal recognition of non-binary gender|over 20 states and the District of Columbia]] continue to offer non-binary gender markers on some state-issued documents.
	
At the federal level, non-binary recognition advanced during the early 2020s. In 2021, the U.S. Department of State issued the first passport bearing an “X” gender marker,<ref name="Lambda Legal">{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2021 |title=Lambda Legal Client Dana Zzyym Receives First 'X' U.S. Passport |url=https://www.lambdalegal.org/blog/co_20211027_dana-zzyym-receives-first-us-passport-with-x-gender-marker |access-date=November 7, 2021 |website=Lambda Legal}}</ref> and beginning in April 2022, this option became available to all applicants without medical documentation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=X Gender Marker Available on U.S. Passports Starting April 11 |url=https://www.state.gov/x-gender-marker-available-on-u-s-passports-starting-april-11/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Passports {{!}} National Center for Transgender Equality |url=https://transequality.org/know-your-rights/passports |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=transequality.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Selecting your Gender Marker |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=travel.state.gov}}</ref> However, this policy was reversed in January 2025 when President Donald Trump issued an executive order directing federal agencies to recognize only male and female categories.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luhby |first=Tami |date=20 January 2025 |title=Trump two-gender edict would upend 'X' identity on passports |language=en |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/01/20/politics/two-genders-us-passports-federal-government-trump/index.html |access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |last2=Linton |first2=Caroline |title=Trump executive order says federal government only recognizes "two sexes" |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-executive-order-says-federal-government-only-recognizes-two-sexes/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |work=CBS News |date=January 21, 2025}}</ref> The U.S. Department of State subsequently suspended all new passport applications requesting an “X” marker,<ref name="guard-23jan2025">{{cite news |last1=Gedeon |first1=Joseph |title=Rubio instructs staff to freeze passport applications with 'X' sex markers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/23/trump-rubio-x-gender-passport |access-date=January 23, 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> though previously issued passports with an “X” designation remain valid until expiration.<ref>{{cite news |title=Passports with 'X' sex markers will be valid until they expire or are renewed, State Department says |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/passports-x-sex-marker-guidance-valid-expire-state-department-rcna191539 |agency=NBC News}}</ref>
	
Legal protections for non-binary individuals under U.S. federal law remain limited. While [[Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964]] has been interpreted to prohibit employment discrimination based on gender nonconformity and transgender status, there are no explicit nationwide protections that specifically name non-binary individuals or ensure their rights across areas such as identification, healthcare, housing, or public services. As a result, access to recognition and protection continues to depend heavily on state and local laws and policies.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cecka |first1=Dale Margolin |author2-link=Martha Chamallas |last2=Chamallas |first2=Martha |date=2016 |chapter=Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989) |title=Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Opinions of the United States Supreme Court |pages=341–360 |doi=10.1017/cbo9781316411254.020 |isbn=978-1-107-12662-6 |quote=See ''[[Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins]]'', 490 U.S. 228, 250 (1989 (holding that an employer who punishes employees who fail to conform to stereotypical expectations of members of his or her sex discriminates on the basis of sex).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 15, 2020 |title=Civil Rights Law Protects Gay and Transgender Workers, Supreme Court Rules |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/gay-transgender-workers-supreme-court.html |access-date=March 7, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617162445/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/gay-transgender-workers-supreme-court.html |url-status=live}}</ref>