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Peripheral neuropathy
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==== Others ==== A 2016 Cochrane review of [[paracetamol]] for the treatment of neuropathic pain concluded that its benefit alone or in combination with codeine or dihydrocodeine is unknown.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiffen PJ, Knaggs R, Derry S, Cole P, Phillips T, Moore RA | title = Paracetamol (acetaminophen) with or without codeine or dihydrocodeine for neuropathic pain in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 12 | pages = CD012227 | date = December 2016 | issue = 5 | pmid = 28027389 | pmc = 6463878 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD012227.pub2 }}</ref> Few studies have examined whether [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s are effective in treating peripheral neuropathy.<ref name="Moore2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moore RA, Chi CC, Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Rice AS | title = Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for neuropathic pain | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = CD010902 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26436601 | pmc = 6481590 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010902.pub2 }}</ref> There is some evidence that symptomatic relief from the pain of peripheral neuropathy may be obtained by the application of topical [[capsaicin]]. Capsaicin is the factor that causes heat in chili peppers. However, the evidence suggesting that capsaicin applied to the skin reduces pain for peripheral neuropathy is of moderate to low quality and should be interpreted carefully before this treatment is used.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Derry S, Rice AS, Cole P, Tan T, Moore RA | title = Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 1 | pages = CD007393 | date = January 2017 | issue = 7 | pmid = 28085183 | pmc = 6464756 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007393.pub4 }}</ref> Evidence supports the use of [[cannabinoids]] for some forms of neuropathic pain.<ref name="Hill2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hill KP | title = Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review | journal = JAMA | volume = 313 | issue = 24 | pages = 2474–83 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26103031 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2015.6199 | quote = Use of marijuana for chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and spasticity due to multiple sclerosis is supported by high-quality evidence }}</ref> A 2018 Cochrane review of cannabis-based medicines for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain included 16 studies. All of these studies included [[Tetrahydrocannabinol|THC]] as a pharmacological component of the test group. The authors rated the quality of evidence as very low to moderate. The primary outcome was quoted as, "[[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]]-based medicines may increase the number of people achieving 50% or greater pain relief compared with placebo" but "the evidence for improvement in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) with cannabis to be of very low quality". The authors also conclude, "The potential benefits of cannabis-based medicine... might be outweighed by their potential harms."<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mücke M, Phillips T, Radbruch L, Petzke F, Häuser W | title = Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 3 | pages = CD012182 | date = March 2018 | issue = 7 | pmid = 29513392 | pmc = 6494210 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD012182.pub2 }}</ref> A 2014 Cochrane review of topical [[lidocaine]] for the treatment of various peripheral neuropathies found its usage supported by a few low-quality studies. The authors state that no high-quality randomised control trials demonstrate its efficacy or safety profile.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA, Quinlan J | editor1-first = Sheena | editor1-last = Derry | title = Topical lidocaine for neuropathic pain in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 7 | pages = CD010958 | date = July 2014 | volume = 2014 | pmid = 25058164 | pmc = 6540846 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010958.pub2 }}</ref> A 2015 (updated in 2022) Cochrane review of topical [[clonidine]] for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy included two studies of 8 and 12 weeks in length; both of which compared topical clonidine to placebo and both of which were funded by the same drug manufacturer. The review found that topical clonidine may provide some benefit versus placebo. However, the authors state that the included trials are potentially subject to significant bias and that the evidence is of low to moderate quality.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Serednicki |first1=Wojciech T. |last2=Wrzosek |first2=Anna |last3=Woron |first3=Jaroslaw |last4=Garlicki |first4=Jaroslaw |last5=Dobrogowski |first5=Jan |last6=Jakowicka-Wordliczek |first6=Joanna |last7=Wordliczek |first7=Jerzy |last8=Zajaczkowska |first8=Renata |date=2022-05-19 |title=Topical clonidine for neuropathic pain in adults |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2022 |issue=5 |pages=CD010967 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010967.pub3 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=9119025 |pmid=35587172}}</ref> A 2007 Cochrane review of [[aldose reductase inhibitor]]s for the treatment of pain deriving from diabetic polyneuropathy found it no better than a placebo.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chalk C, Benstead TJ, Moore F | title = Aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | pages = CD004572 | date = October 2007 | volume = 2010 | pmid = 17943821 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004572.pub2 | pmc = 8406996 }}</ref>
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