Editing Pluricentric language (section)

=== Spanish ===
{{Main|Spanish dialects and varieties}}
[[Spanish language|Spanish]] has both national and regional linguistic norms, which vary in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, but all varieties are mutually intelligible and the same [[Spanish orthography|orthographic rules]] are shared throughout.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=R.W. |editor1-last=Clyne |editor1-first=Michael G |title=Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |pages=45–70 |chapter=Spanish as a pluricentric language |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&q=spanish+pluricentric&pg=PA45 |series=Contributions to the sociology of language 62 |location=Berlin & New York |year=1992 |isbn=978-3-11-012855-0 |access-date=4 August 2012}}</ref>

In [[Spain]], [[Standard Spanish]] is based upon the speech of educated speakers from [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Penny |first1=Ralph |title= Variation and Change in Spanish |url=https://archive.org/details/variationchanges00penn |url-access=limited |year= 2000 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn= 0-521-78045-4 |page= [https://archive.org/details/variationchanges00penn/page/n214 199] |quote= ''whatever might be claimed by other centres, such as Valladolid, it was educated varieties of Madrid Spanish that were mostly regularly reflected in the written standard.''}}</ref> All varieties spoken in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] are grouped as [[Peninsular Spanish]]. [[Canarian Spanish]] (spoken in the [[Canary Islands]]), along with [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish spoken in the Americas]] (including [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish spoken in the United States]], [[Central American Spanish]], [[Mexican Spanish]], [[Andean Spanish]], and [[Caribbean Spanish]]), are particularly related to [[Andalusian Spanish]].

The United States is now the world's second-largest Spanish-speaking country after [[Mexico]] in total number of speakers (L1 and L2 speakers). A report said there are 41 million L1 Spanish speakers and another 11.6 million L2 speakers in the U.S. This puts the US ahead of Colombia (48 million) and Spain (46 million) and second only to Mexico (121 million).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/29/us-second-biggest-spanish-speaking-country|title=US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain – only Mexico has more|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=29 June 2015}}</ref>

The Spanish of [[Latin America]]ns has a growing influence on the language across the globe through music, culture and television produced using the language of the largely bilingual speech community of US Latinos.<ref>Mar‐Molinero, C., & Paffey, D. (2011). Linguistic imperialism: who owns global Spanish?. The handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics, 747–764.</ref><ref>Mar-Molinero, Clare. "The European linguistic legacy in a global era: Linguistic imperialism, Spanish and the Instituto Cervantes." In Language Ideologies, Policies and Practices, pp. 76–88. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006.</ref><ref>Mar-Molinero, C. (2008). Subverting Cervantes: language authority in global Spanish. International Multilingual Research Journal, 2(1–2), 27–47.</ref>

In [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]] the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Montevideo]]. This is known as [[Rioplatense Spanish]], (from Rio de la Plata (River Plate)) and is distinguishable from other standard Spanish dialects by {{lang|es|[[voseo]]}}. In [[Colombia]], [[Colombian Spanish#Rolo dialect|Rolo]] (a name for the dialect of Bogotá) is valued for its clear pronunciation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2010-06-21/clearest-spanish/|title = The clearest Spanish| date=14 August 2013 }}</ref> The [[Judeo-Spanish]] (also known as ''Ladino''; not to be confused with ''Latino'') spoken by [[Sephardi Jews]] can be found in [[Israel]] and elsewhere; it is usually considered a separate language.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}