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Primary biliary cholangitis
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==History== The first report of the disease dates back 1851 by Addison and Gull, who described a clinical picture of progressive jaundice in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the large bile ducts. Ahrens et al. in 1950 published the first detailed description of 17 patients with this condition, and coined the term "primary biliary cirrhosis". In 1959, Dame Sheila Sherlock reported a further series of PBC patients and recognised that the disease could be diagnosed in a precirrhotic stage and proposed the term "chronic intrahepatic cholestasis" as more appropriate description of this disease, but this nomenclature failed to gain acceptance, and the term "primary biliary cirrhosis" lasted for decades. In 2014, to correct the inaccuracy and remove the social stigma of cirrhosis, as well as all the misunderstanding, disadvantages, and discrimination emanating from this misnomer in daily life for patients, international liver associations agreed to rename the disease "primary biliary cholangitis", as it is now known.<ref name="pmid12500211">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reuben A | title = The serology of the Addison-Gull syndrome | journal = Hepatology | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 225β228 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12500211 | doi = 10.1002/hep.510370134 | s2cid = 42297264 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=DNS/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walker JG, Doniach D, Roitt IM, Sherlock S | title = Serological Tests in Diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | journal = Lancet | volume = 1 | issue = 7390 | pages = 827β831 | date = April 1965 | pmid = 14263538 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91372-3 }}</ref><ref name=Mitchison1986>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitchison HC, Bassendine MF, Hendrick A, Bennett MK, Bird G, Watson AJ, James OF | title = Positive Antimitochondrial Antibody but Normal Alkaline Phosphatase: Is this Primary Biliary Cirrhosis? | journal = Hepatology | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 1279β1284 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3793004 | doi = 10.1002/hep.1840060609 | s2cid = 13626588 }}</ref> <!-- already mentioned In May 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved obeticholic acid for the treatment of PBC in individuals taking UDCA.<ref name=AASLD_2018 /> -->
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