Editing Recall (memory) (section)

===Gender===
Consistently, females perform better than males on episodic memory tasks including delayed recall and recognition. However, males and females do not differ on working, immediate and semantic memory tasks. Neuro-psychological observations suggest that, in general, previous injuries cause greater deficits in females than in males. It has been proposed that the [[sex differences in memory|gender differences in memory performance]] reflect underlying differences in the strategies used to process information, rather than anatomical differences. However, gender differences in cerebral asymmetry received support from morphometric studies showing a greater leftward asymmetry in males than in females, meaning that men and women use each side of their brain to a different extent.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Guillem | first1 = F. | last2 = Mograss | first2 = M. | year = 2005 | title = Gender differences in memory processing: Evidence from event-related potentials to faces | journal = Brain and Cognition | volume = 57 | issue = 1| pages = 84–92 | doi=10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.026| pmid = 15629219 | s2cid = 2529989 }}</ref> There is also evidence for a negative recall bias in women, which means females in general are more likely than males to recall their mistakes.<ref>Beyer, S. (1998) Gender Differences in Self-Perception and Negative Recall Biases. Sex Roles, pp.103.133</ref> In an eyewitness study by Dan Yarmey in 1991, he found that women were significantly more accurate than men in accuracy of recall for weight of suspects.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yarmey | first1 = D | year = 1991 | title = Adult, age and gender differences in eyewitness recall in field settings | journal = Journal of Applied Social Psychology | volume = 23 | issue = 23| pages = 1921–1932 | doi=10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01073.x}}</ref>

Studies have tested the difference between what men and women can recall after a presentation. Three speakers were involved, one being female and two being male. Men and women were put into the same lecture hall and had the same speaker talk to them. The results suggested that information presented by the women speaker was more easily recalled by all the members of the study.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Yang | first1 = H. | last2 = Yang | first2 = S. | last3 = Park | first3 = G. | year = 2013 | title = Her Voice Lingers on and Her Memory Is Strategic: Effects of Gender on Directed Forgetting | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 5| pages = 1–9 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0064030 | pmid=23691141 | pmc=3655030| bibcode = 2013PLoSO...864030Y | doi-access = free }}</ref> Researchers believe this to be a significant difference between genders because women's voices have better acoustics, ranging from low tones to high tones.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> Since their voices have this range, semantic encoding is increased for the pitches that stimulate the auditory component of the brain;<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> this resonates better in the ear function. Since pitch ranges from low tones to high tones, it draws people's attention to the words attributed with the tone. As the tone changes, words stand out and from these differences memories can be stored.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> Recall is made easier since the association the brain can make is between words and sounds spoken.

A distinguishing feature is how males and females process information and then recall what was presented to them. Females tend to remember nonverbal cues and associate the meaning of a discussion with gestures.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> Since males follow verbal cues they react more to the facts and actual words within a discussion to recall what was said, but fluctuations in the speaker's voice helps them maintain the memories.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> Another difference that sets males and females apart is recalling someone's voice.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> They tend to recall information they have read, for instance, lists of objects are better recalled for men than women.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/> The only similarity they have is that when emotional words are used or an emotional tone is produced, males and females tend to recall those changes.<ref name="Yang, H. 2013"/>