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== Bibliography == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |editor-last1=del Olmo Lete |editor-first1=Gregorio |editor-last2=Feliu |editor-first2=Lluís |editor-last3=Millet Albà |editor-first3=Adelina |last=Alemany |first=Agustí |date=2006 |title=Sapal tibnim mû illakû: Studies Presented to Joaquín Sanmartín on the Occasion of his 64th Birthday |chapter=Onomastica Elamo-Scythica |language=es |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/49865069 |location=[[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] |publisher=Editorial AUSA |pages=29–34 |isbn=978-8-488-81071-7 }} * {{cite journal |last=Bukharin |first=Mikhail Dmitrievich |author-link=:ru:Бухарин, Михаил Дмитриевич |date=2011 |title=Колаксай и его братья (античная традиция о происхождении царской власти у скифов |trans-title=Kolaxais and his Brothers (Classical Tradition on the Origin of the Royal Power of the Scythians) |language=ru |url=https://www.academia.edu/6542379 |journal=Аристей: вестник классической филологии и античной истории |volume=3 |issue= |pages=20–80 |doi= |access-date=2022-07-13 }} * {{cite journal |last=Bukharin |first=Mikhail |author-link=:ru:Бухарин, Михаил Дмитриевич |date=2013 |script-title=ru:К дискуссии о языке скифов: переход др.ир. *xš- > *s- и его отражение в древнегреческом |trans-title=Towards the Discussion on the Language of the Scythians: The Transition of OIr *xš- > *s- and its Reflection in the Ancient Greek |url=https://www.academia.edu/6560686 |script-journal=ru:Проблемы Истории, Филологии, Культуры |trans-work=Problems of History, Philology, Culture |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=263–285 |doi= |access-date=30 April 2023}} * {{Cite journal| journal=Acta Universitatis de Attila József Nominatae: Acta antiqua et archaeologica|volume =13 |last=Harmatta|first= J.|author-link=János Harmatta|title=Studies in the History and Language of the Sarmatians|place= Szeged, Hungary| publisher = [[University of Szeged]]| date=1970}} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Dani |editor-first1=Ahmad Hasan |editor-link1=Ahmad Hasan Dani |editor-last2=Harmatta |editor-first2=János |editor-link2=János Harmatta | editor-last3=Puri |editor-first3=Baij Nath |editor-link3=Baij Nath Puri |editor-last4=Etemadi |editor-first4=G. F. |editor-last5=Bosworth |editor-first5=Clifford Edmund |editor-link5=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |last=Harmatta |first=János |author-link=János Harmatta |date=1992 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9U6RlVVjpakC |chapter=Languages and Literature in the Kushan Empire |chapter-url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_II%20silk%20road_languages%20and%20literature%20in%20the%20kushan%20empire.pdf |location=[[Paris]], France |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |pages=407–431 |isbn=978-9-231-02846-5| url-status=dead |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210514162547/https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_II%20silk%20road_languages%20and%20literature%20in%20the%20kushan%20empire.pdf |archive-date= 14 May 2021}} * {{cite book |editor-first1=Olivier |editor-last1=Reverdin |editor-link1=:fr:Olivier Reverdin |editor-first2=Giuseppe |editor-last2=Nenci |editor-link2=:it:Giuseppe Nenci |last=Harmatta |first=János |author-link=János Harmatta |date=1999 |title=Hérodote et les Peuples Non Grecs |trans-title=Herodotus and the Non-Greek Peoples |chapter=Herodotus, Historian of the Cimmerians and the Scythians |url=https://archive.org/details/herodoteetlespeu0035unse |chapter-url=https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=oac-001%3A1990%3A35%3A%3A381 |language=fr |location=[[Vandœuvres]], [[Switzerland]] |publisher=[[:fr:Fondation Hardt|Fondation Hardt pour l’étude de l’Antiquité classique]] |pages=115–130 |isbn=978-3-774-92415-4 }} * {{cite journal |last=Hinge|first=George|title=Herodot zur skythischen Sprache. Arimaspen, Amazonen und die Entdeckung des Schwarzen Meeres|journal=Glotta|year=2005|volume=81|pages=86–115|url=http://herodot.glossa.dk/arimasp.html|language=de}} * {{cite book |last=Hinz |first=Walther |author-link=:de:Walther Hinz |date=1975 |title=Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberleiferung |trans-title=Old Iranian Language from Collateral Sources |url=https://archive.org/details/AltiranischesSprachgutDerNebenberlieferungen |language=de |location=[[Wiesbaden]], Germany|publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag|Harrassowitz]] |isbn=3-447-01703-1 }} * {{Citation| mode=cs1|last1=Humbach|first1= Helmut |first2= Klaus|last2= Faiss|title=Herodotus's Scythians and Ptolemy's Central Asia: Semasiological and Onomasiological Studies|place= [[Wiesbaden]]|publisher =Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag|date= 2012}} * {{cite journal |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold I. |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |title=Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5–7) et le problème des sources du ''Scythicos logos'' d'Hérodote |trans-title=A Legend on the Origin of the Scythians (Hdt. IV 5–7) and the problems of the sources of Herodotus's ''Scythicos logo''s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44260011 |journal=Revue des Études Grecques |trans-work=Review of Greek Studies |volume=112 |issue=1 |date=1999a |pages=141–92 |doi=10.3406/reg.1999.4355 |jstor=44260011 |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite book |editor-last=Tsetskhladze |editor-first=G.R. |editor-link=Gocha R. Tsetskhladze |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=1999b |title=Ancient Greeks West and East |chapter=The Scythian ‘Rule Over Asia’: the Classical Tradition and the Historical Reality |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/914991 |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands; [[Boston]], United States |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |pages=497–520 |isbn= 978-90-04-11190-5 |series= Mnemosyne, Supplements, vol. 196 |doi=10.1163/9789004351257_021}} * {{cite book |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold I. |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=2005 |script-title=ru:Накануне колонизации. Северное Причерноморье и степные кочевники VIII – VII вв. до н.э. в античной литературной традиции: фольклор, литература и история |trans-title=On the eve of Colonisation. The Northern Black Sea Region and the Steppe Nomads of the 8th – 7th centuries BC in the Ancient Literary Tradition: Folklore, Literature and History |url=https://www.academia.edu/6077224 |location=[[Berlin]] Germany; [[Moscow]], Russia |publisher=[[:de:Eurasien-Abteilung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts|Eurasien-Abteilung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts]] (Germany); Центр сравнительного изучения древних цивилизаций Института всеобщей истории РАН (Russia); Paleograph Press |isbn=978-5-895-26015-9}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |title=Scythians |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/scythians |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=2018 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation]]; [[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |access-date=8 August 2022 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Kullanda |first1=S. V. |author-link1=:ru:Кулланда, Сергей Всеволодович |last2=Raevskiy |first2=D. S. |author-link2=:ru:Раевский, Дмитрий Сергеевич |date=2004 |title=Эминак в ряду владык Скифии |trans-title=Eminakes, King of Scythia |url=http://vdi.igh.ru/system/articles/pdfs/000/001/043/original/9da35b43bb675ce087878280fadbd812cfd3535c.pdf?1551273459 |journal=[[:ru:Вестник древней истории|Вестник древней истории]] |trans-work=[[Journal of Ancient History]] |language=ru |volume=248 |issue=1 |pages=79–95 |doi= |access-date=1 May 2023}} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Kolganova |editor-first1=G. Y. |editor-last2=Kullanda |editor-first2=S. V. |editor-link2=:ru:Кулланда, Сергей Всеволодович |editor-last3=Nemirovsky |editor-first3=A. A. |editor-link3=:ru:Немировский, Александр Аркадьевич |editor-last4=Petrova |editor-first4=A. A. |editor-last5=Safronov |editor-first5=A. V. |last=Kullanda |first=S. V. |author-link=:ru:Кулланда, Сергей Всеволодович |date=2013 |title=Иранский Мир II – I тыс. до н.э. Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной памяти Эдвина Арвидовича Грантовского и Дмитрия Сергеевича Раевского. Выпуск VI |trans-title=Iranian World 2nd – 1st millennium BC. Proceedings of the International Scientific conference Dedicated to the Memory of Edwin Arvidovich Grantovsky and Dmitry Sergeevich Raevsky. Issue VI |chapter=Скифские этимологии |trans-chapter=Scythian Etymologies |url=https://www.academia.edu/5461605 |location=[[Moscow]], [[Russia]] |publisher=[[Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences]] |pages=38–48 |isbn=978-5-892-82576-4 }} * {{cite journal |last=Kullanda |first=Sergei |author-link=:ru:Кулланда, Сергей Всеволодович |date=2014 |title=External relations of Scythian |url=https://www.academia.edu/12771304 |journal=Journal of Language Relationship |location=[[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]], [[United States]] |publisher=[[Gorgias Press]] |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=81–90 |doi=10.31826/jlr-2014-110110 |access-date=30 April 2023 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |first=Alexander |last=Lubotsky |author-link=Alexander Lubotsky|title=Scythian elements in Old Iranian |journal=Proceedings of the British Academy |volume=116 |pages=189–202 |year=2002 |url=http://azargoshnasp.net/history/Scythians/indoiranianscythianelements.pdf |publisher=The British Academy; azargoshnasp}} * [[Manfred Mayrhofer|Mayrhofer, M.]]: ''Einiges zu den Skythen, ihrer Sprache, ihrem Nachleben''. Vienna 2006. * {{cite journal |last=Melikov |first=Rauf |date=2016 |title=Скифские этнонимы и антропонимы в древневосточных клинописных текстах |trans-title=Scythian Ethnonyms and Anthroponyms in Ancient Eastern Cuneiform Texts |url=https://www.academia.edu/41495666 |journal=Вопросы эпиграфики |trans-work=Questions of Epigraphy |volume=9 |issue= |pages=74–96 |doi= |access-date=1 May 2023}} * {{cite thesis |last=Novák |first=Ľubomír |date=2013 |title=Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages |type=none |chapter= |location=[[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]] |publisher=[[Charles University]] |docket= |oclc= |url=https://www.academia.edu/4896441 |access-date=14 August 2022 }} * {{cite book |editor-last=Marazov |editor-first=Ivan |editor-link=Ivan Marazov |last=Raevskiy |first=Dmitriy |author-link=:ru:Раевский, Дмитрий Сергеевич |date=1993 |title=Scythian Mythology |url=https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology |location=[[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] |publisher=Secor Publishers |isbn=978-9-548-25002-3 }} * {{cite journal |last=Schmitt |first=Rüdiger |author-link=Rüdiger Schmitt |date=2003 |title=Die skythischen Personennamen bei Herodot |trans-title=Scythian Personal Names in Herodotus |language=de |url=http://opar.unior.it/487/1/R._Schmitt_pp.1-31_pdf.pdf |journal=Annali dell'Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale" |trans-work=Annals of the University of Naples "L'Orientale" |location=[[Naples]], [[Italy]] |publisher=[[Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale"]] |volume=63 |issue= |pages=1–31 |doi= |access-date=}} * {{cite book |last=Schmitt |first=Rüdiger |author-link=Rüdiger Schmitt |date=2009 |title=Iranisches Personennamenbuch |trans-title=Book of Iranian Personal Names |language=de |volume=7.1a |url= |location= |publisher=[[:de:Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]] |isbn=978-3-700-16608-5 }} * {{cite book |last=Schmitt |first=Rüdiger |author-link=Rüdiger Schmitt |date=2011 |title=Iranisches Personennamenbuch |trans-title=Book of Iranian Personal Names |language=de |volume=5.5a |url= |location= |publisher=[[:de:Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]] |pages=341–342 |isbn=978-3-700-17142-3 }} * {{cite encyclopaedia |entry-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/scythian-language |entry=Scythian Language |last=Schmitt |first=Rüdiger |author-link=Rüdiger Schmitt |date=2018a |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica| title-link =Encyclopaedia Iranica |publisher= |access-date=22 October 2021 }} * {{cite encyclopaedia |entry-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/massagetae |entry=Massagetae |last=Schmitt |first=Rüdiger |author-link=Rüdiger Schmitt |date=2018b |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica| title-link =Encyclopaedia Iranica|publisher= }} * {{cite book |author-last1=Schwartz |author-first1=Martin |author-last2=Manaster Ramer |author-first2=Alexis |author-link2=Alexis Manaster Ramer |editor-last1=Hintze |editor-first1=Almut |editor-link1=Almut Hintze |editor-last2=Durkin |editor-first2=Desmond |editor-last3=Naumann |editor-first3=Claudius |date=2019 |title=A Thousand Judgements: Festschrift for Maria Macuch |chapter=Some Interlinguistic Iranian Conundrums |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/38499565 |location= |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-447-11094-5 }} * {{cite book |last=Szemerényi |first=Oswald |author-link=Oswald Szemerényi |year=1980 |title=Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka |url=http://www.azargoshnasp.net/history/Scythians/fouroldiranianethnicnames.pdf |publisher=[[:de:Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]] |isbn=0-520-06864-5 }} * {{cite conference |editor-last=Cojocaru |editor-first=Victor |last=Tokhtasyev |first=Sergey |author-link=:ru:Тохтасьев, Сергей Ремирович |date=2005a |title=Ethnic Contacts and Cultural Exchanges North and West of the Black Sea from the Greek Colonization to the Ottoman Conquest| conference=Proceedings of the International Symposium Ethnic contacts and Cultural Exchanges North and West of the Black Sea, Iaşi, June 12–17, 2005 |chapter=Проблема Скифского Языка в Современной Науке |trans-chapter=The Problem of the Scythian Language in Contemporary Studies |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/7169659 |location=[[Iași]], Romania |publisher=Trinitas |pages=59–108 |isbn=978-9-737-83450-8}} * {{cite journal |last=Tokhtasyev |first=Sergey |author-link=:ru:Тохтасьев, Сергей Ремирович |date=2005b |title=Sauromatae - Syrmatae - Sarmatae |url=https://www.academia.edu/7169847 |language=ru |journal=[[:ru:Херсонесский сборник|Херсонесский сборник]] |trans-journal=Chersonesian Collection |volume=14 |pages=291–306 |access-date=4 September 2023}} * {{cite journal |last=Tokhtasyev |first=Sergey |author-link=:ru:Тохтасьев, Сергей Ремирович |date=2013 |title=Из ономастики Северного Причерноморья. XXI. Τράκανα |trans-title=On Onomastics of the Northern Black Sea region. XXI. Τράκανα |url=https://www.academia.edu/7169565 |journal=[[:ru:Вестник древней истории|Вестник древней истории]] |trans-work=[[Journal of Ancient History]] |volume=281 |issue=1 |pages=193–196 |doi= |access-date=}} * {{cite book |last=Ustinova |first=Yulia |author-link= |date=1999 |title=The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God |url=https://archive.org/details/supremegodsofbos0000usti |location=[[Leiden]], Netherlands; [[Boston]], United States |publisher=Brill| series= Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, vol. 135|page= |isbn=978-9-004-11231-5 | doi= 10.1163/9789004295902}} * {{cite journal |last=Witczak |first=K. T. |date=1999 |title=Скифский язык: опыт описания |trans-title=The Scythian Language: Attempt at Description |url=https://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/1992-5/50-59 |journal=[[:ru:Вопросы языкознания|Вопросы языкознания]] |volume=5 |issue= |pages=50–59 |doi= |access-date=27 August 2022 }} * [[Ladislav Zgusta|Zgusta, L.]]: ''Die griechischen Personennamen griechischer Städte der nördlichen Schwarzmeerküste. Die ethnischen Verhältnisse, namentlich das Verhältnis der Skythen und Sarmaten, im Lichte der Namenforschung'', Prague 1955. {{refend}} {{Iranian languages}} {{Scythia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scythian Languages}} [[Category:Eastern Iranian languages]] [[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]] [[Category:Extinct languages of Europe]] [[Category:Languages attested from the 1st millennium BC]] [[Category:Scythians]] [[Category:Sarmatians]] [[Category:History of Ural]]
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