Editing Smoke screen (section)

===Land warfare===
[[File:Awm 128387 nadzab.jpg|thumb|right|A smoke screen obstructing the view of the parachute [[landing at Nadzab]], 1943]]
Smoke screens are usually used by infantry to conceal their movement in areas of enemy fire. They can also be used by [[armoured fighting vehicle]]s, such as [[tank]]s, to conceal a withdrawal. They have regularly been used since [[Early thermal weapons|earliest times]] to disorient or drive off attackers.

During the First World War the Germans used a lot of smoke screens (''Nebel'') to hide [[Batterie Pommern]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/feldpost14/albums/72157656806020692/with/15690769743|website=www.flickr.com |title=Batterij Pommern (Lange Max) - Koekelare - Moere |date=18 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/feldpost14/26825063811/in/album-72157656806020692/|website=www.flickr.com |title=Rookpotten in de omgeving van batterij 'Pommern' (Lange Max) - Koekelare - Moere |date=8 May 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/feldpost14/24638543822/in/album-72157656806020692/|website=www.flickr.com |title=Rookpotten in de omgeving van batterij 'Pommern' (Lange Max) - Koekelare - Moere |date=31 January 2016 }}</ref>

A toxic variant of the smokescreen was used and devised by [[Frank Arthur Brock]] who used it during the [[Zeebrugge Raid]] on 23 April 1918, the British Royal Navy's attempt to neutralize the key Belgian port of Bruges-[[Zeebrugge]].

For the crossing of the [[Dnieper river]] in October 1943, the [[Red Army]] laid a smoke screen {{convert|30|km|mi}} long. At the [[Operation Shingle|Anzio beachhead]] in 1944, US [[Chemical Corps]] troops maintained a {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} "light haze" smokescreen around the harbour throughout daylight hours, for two months. The density of this screen was adjusted to be sufficient to prevent observation by German forward observers in the surrounding hills, yet not inhibit port operations.

In the Vietnam War, "Smoke Ships" were introduced as part of a new Air Mobile Concept to protect crew and man on the ground from small arms fire. In 1964 and 1965, the "Smoke Ship" was first employed by the [[145th Combat Aviation Battalion]] using the [[UH-1B]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.118ahc.org/118thAHC.htm|title=118thAHC|website=www.118ahc.org}}</ref>