Editing Syphilis (section)

===Congenital disease===
[[File:Portrait of Mr. J. Kay, afflicted with a rodent disease. Unknown artist, c. 1820 CE. The Wellcome Collection, London.jpg|thumb|Portrait of a man affected with what is now believed to have been congenital syphilis, {{circa|1820}}<ref>{{cite web|title=A young man, J. Kay, afflicted with a rodent disease which has eaten away part of his face. Oil painting, ca. 1820.|url=https://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b16031179#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0|website=wellcomelibrary.org|access-date=28 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728084800/https://wellcomelibrary.org/item/b16031179#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0|archive-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>]]
Congenital syphilis in the newborn can be prevented by screening mothers during early pregnancy and treating those who are infected.<ref name=Screening04>{{cite journal |last=Schmid|first=G|title=Economic and programmatic aspects of congenital syphilis prevention|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=June 2004|volume=82|issue=6|pages=402–9|pmid=15356931|pmc=2622861}}</ref> The [[United States Preventive Services Task Force]] (USPSTF) strongly recommends universal screening of all pregnant women,<ref>{{cite journal |last=U.S. Preventive Services Task|first=Force|title=Screening for syphilis infection in pregnancy: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=19 May 2009 |volume=150|issue=10|pages=705–9|pmid=19451577|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00008|doi-access=free}}</ref> while the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommends all women be tested at their first antenatal visit and again in the [[third trimester]].<ref name=Lancet11/><ref>{{cite web |title=Prenatal Syphilis Screening Laws |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/syphilis-screenings-2018.htm |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=8 April 2019 |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728221453/https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/syphilis-screenings-2018.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> If they are positive, it is recommended their partners also be treated.<ref name=Lancet11/> Congenital syphilis is still common in the developing world, as many women do not receive [[antenatal care]] at all, and the antenatal care others receive does not include screening.<ref name=Screening04/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phiske |first1=MM |title=Current trends in congenital syphilis. |journal=Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS |date=January 2014 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=12–20 |doi=10.4103/0253-7184.132404 |pmid=24958980|pmc=4066591 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It still occasionally occurs in the developed world, as those most likely to acquire syphilis are least likely to receive care during pregnancy.<ref name=Screening04/> Several measures to increase access to testing appear effective at reducing rates of congenital syphilis in low- to middle-income countries.<ref name=Lancet11>{{cite journal |last=Hawkes|first=S|author2=Matin, N |author3=Broutet, N |author4=Low, N |title=Effectiveness of interventions to improve screening for syphilis in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2011 |pmid=21683653|volume=11|issue=9|pages=684–91|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70104-9}}</ref> [[Point-of-care testing]] to detect syphilis appeared to be reliable, although more research is needed to assess its effectiveness and into improving outcomes in mothers and babies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shahrook|first1=S|last2=Mori|first2=R|last3=Ochirbat|first3=T|last4=Gomi|first4=H|title=Strategies of testing for syphilis during pregnancy.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=29 October 2014|volume=2014|issue=10|pages=CD010385|pmid=25352226|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010385.pub2|pmc=11126892}}</ref>