Editing Urbanization (section)

=== Mental health ===
Urbanization factors that contribute to [[mental health]] can be thought of as factors that affect the individual and factors that affect the larger social group. At the macro, social group level, changes related to urbanization are thought to contribute to social disintegration and disorganization. These macro factors contribute to social disparities which affect individuals by creating perceived insecurity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Luciano|title=Perceived insecurity, mental health and urbanization: Results from a multicentric study|journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry|volume=62|issue=6|pages=252–61|doi=10.1177/0020764016629694|pmid=26896027|year=2016|s2cid=37122169}}</ref> Perceived insecurity can be due problems with the physical environment, such as issues with personal safety, or problems with the social environment, such as a loss of positive self-concepts from negative events.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Berry|first1=Helen|date=6 December 2007|title='Crowded suburbs' and 'killer cities': a brief review of the relationship between urban environments and mental health|journal=NSW Public Health Bulletin|volume=18|issue=12|pages=222–7|pmid=18093463|doi=10.1071/NB07024|doi-access=free}}</ref> Increased stress is a common individual psychological stressor that accompanies urbanization and is thought to be due to perceived insecurity. Changes in social organization, a consequence of urbanization, are thought to lead to reduced social support, increased violence, and overcrowding. It is these factors that are thought to contribute to increased stress.<ref name="Srivastava IPJ">{{cite journal|last1=Srivastava|first1=Kalpana|date=July 2009|title=Urbanization and mental health|pmc=2996208|journal=Industrial Psychiatry Journal|volume=18|issue=2|pages=75–6|doi=10.4103/0972-6748.64028|pmid=21180479 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

A 2004 study of 4.4 million Swedish residents found that {{Request quotation span|people who live in cities have a 20% increased chance of developing depression|date=December 2023}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rautio |first1=Nina |last2=Filatova |first2=Svetlana |last3=Lehtiniemi |first3=Heli |last4=Miettunen |first4=Jouko |date=February 2018 |title=Living environment and its relationship to depressive mood: A systematic review |journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry |language=en |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=92–103 |doi=10.1177/0020764017744582 |issn=0020-7640|doi-access=free |pmid=29212385 }}</ref>