Editing Adsorption (section)

==Protein and surfactant adsorption==
{{main|Protein adsorption}}
Protein adsorption is a process that has a fundamental role in the field of [[biomaterials]]. Indeed, biomaterial surfaces in contact with biological media, such as blood or serum, are immediately coated by proteins. Therefore, living [[cell (biology)|cell]]s do not interact directly with the biomaterial surface, but with the adsorbed proteins layer. This protein layer mediates the interaction between biomaterials and cells, translating biomaterial physical and chemical properties into a "biological language".<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Mediation of Biomaterial-Cell Interactions by Adsorbed Proteins: A Review |journal=Tissue Engineering |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=1–18| year=2005 |pmid=15738657| doi=10.1089/ten.2005.11.1| last1=Wilson| first1=CJ| last2=Clegg| first2=RE| last3=Leavesley| first3=DI| last4=Pearcy| first4=MJ|s2cid=19306269 }}</ref> In fact, [[cell membrane]] [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]]s bind to protein layer bioactive sites and these receptor-protein binding events are transduced, through the cell membrane, in a manner that stimulates specific intracellular processes that then determine cell adhesion, shape, growth and differentiation. Protein adsorption is influenced by many surface properties such as surface [[wetting|wettability]], surface chemical composition <ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sivaraman B. |author2=Fears K.P. |author3=Latour R.A. |title=Investigation of the effects of surface chemistry and solution concentration on the conformation of adsorbed proteins using an improved circular dichroism method |journal=Langmuir |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=3050–6| year=2009 |pmid=19437712 |pmc=2891683 |doi= 10.1021/la8036814}}</ref> and surface nanometre-scale morphology.<ref>{{Cite journal| title=The effect of surface nanometre-scale morphology on protein adsorption |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=e11862| year=2010 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pone.0011862| editor1-last=Zhang| editor1-first=Shuguang| last1=Scopelliti| first1=Pasquale Emanuele| last2=Borgonovo| first2=Antonio| last3=Indrieri| first3=Marco| last4=Giorgetti| first4=Luca| last5=Bongiorno| first5=Gero| last6=Carbone| first6=Roberta| last7=Podestà| first7=Alessandro| last8=Milani| first8=Paolo|bibcode = 2010PLoSO...511862S | pmid=20686681 | pmc=2912332|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Surfactant adsorption is a similar phenomenon, but utilising surfactant molecules in the place of proteins.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cheraghian|first1=Goshtasp|title=Evaluation of Clay and Fumed Silica Nanoparticles on Adsorption of Surfactant Polymer during Enhanced Oil Recovery|journal=Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute|date=2017|volume=60|issue=2|pages=85–94|doi=10.1627/jpi.60.85|doi-access=free}}</ref>