Editing Apache (section)

===Forced removal===
In 1875, United States military forced the removal of an estimated 1,500 [[Yavapai-Apache Nation|Yavapai]] and [[Tonto Apache people|Dilzhe'e Apache]] (better known as ''Tonto Apache'') from the [[Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation|Rio Verde Indian Reserve]] and its several thousand acres of treaty lands promised to them by the United States government. At the orders of Indian Commissioner L. E. Dudley, U.S. Army troops made the people, young and old, walk through winter-flooded rivers, mountain passes and narrow canyon trails to get to the [[San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation|Indian Agency at San Carlos]], {{convert|180|mi|km}} away. The trek killed several hundred people. The people were interned there for 25 years while white settlers took over their land. Only a few hundred ever returned to their lands. At the San Carlos reservation, the [[Buffalo soldiers]] of the [[9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|9th Cavalry Regiment]]—replacing the [[8th Cavalry Regiment|8th Cavalry]] who were being stationed to Texas—guarded the Apaches from 1875 to 1881.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schubert|first=Frank N.|title=Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870–1898|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/41 41, 42]|date=1997|isbn=9780842025867|url=https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/41}}</ref>

Beginning in 1879, an Apache uprising against the reservation system led to [[Victorio's War]] between [[Victorio|Chief Victorio's]] band of Apaches and the 9th Cavalry.