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== Efficiency == === Research === Although research has shown that word prediction software does decrease the number of keystrokes needed and improves the written productivity of children with disabilities,<ref name=tam2009/> there are mixed results as to whether or not word prediction actually increases speed of output.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dabbagh |first1=H.H. |last2=Damper |first2=R.I. |chapter=Average Selection Length and Time as Predictors of Communication Rate |id=80177b42-e668-4ed5-a256-49b9440bdfa5 |chapter-url= |editor1-last=Brubaker|editor1-first=C.|editor2-last=Hobson|editor2-first=D.A. |title=Technology, a Bridge to Independence: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Technology, Memphis, Tennessee, June 24β28th, 1985 |publisher=Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America |date=1985 |isbn= |oclc=15055289 |pages=404β6 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Goodenough-Trepagnier |first1=C. |last2=Rosen |first2=M.J. |chapter=Predictive Assessment for Communication Aid Prescription: Motor-Determined Maximum Communication Rate |chapter-url= |editor-first=L.E. |editor-last=Bernstein |title=The vocally impaired: Clinical Practice and Research |publisher=Grune & Stratton |location=Philadelphia |date=1988 |isbn=9780808919087 |oclc=567938402 |pages=165β185 |url=}} as cited in {{harvnb|Tam|Wells|2009}}</ref> It is thought that the reason why word prediction does not always increase the rate of text entry is because of the increased [[cognitive load]] and requirement to move eye gaze from the keyboard to the monitor.<ref name=tam2009/> In order to reduce this cognitive load, parameters such as reducing the list to five likely words, and having a vertical layout of those words may be used.<ref name=tam2009/> The vertical layout is meant to keep head and eye movements to a minimum, and also gives additional visual cues because the word length becomes apparent.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Swiffin |first1=A.L. |last2=Arnott |first2=J.L. |last3=Pickering |first3=J.A. |last4=Newell |first4=A.F. |title=Adaptive and predictive techniques in a communication prosthesis |journal=Augmentative and Alternative Communication |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=181β191 |date=1987 |doi=10.1080/07434618712331274499 |url=}} as cited in {{harvnb|Tam|Wells|2009}}</ref> Although many software developers believe that if the word prediction list follows the [[Cursor (computers)|cursor]], that this will reduce eye movements,<ref name=tam2009/> in a study of children with [[spina bifida]] by Tam, Reid, O'Keefe & Nauman (2002) it was shown that typing was more accurate, and that the children also preferred when the list appeared at the bottom edge of the screen, at the midline. Several studies have found that word prediction performance and satisfaction increases when the word list is closer to the keyboard, because of the decreased amount of eye-movements needed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tam |first1=C. |last2=Reid |first2=D. |last3=Naumann |first3=S. |last4=O'Keefe |first4=B. |title=Perceived benefits of word prediction intervention on written productivity in children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus |journal=Occupational Therapy International |volume=9 |issue= 3|pages=237β255 |date=2002 |doi=10.1002/oti.167 |pmid=12374999|doi-access=free }} as cited in {{harvnb|Tam|Wells|2009}}.</ref> Software with word prediction is produced by multiple manufacturers. The software can be bought as an add-on to common programs such as [[Microsoft Word]] (for example, [[WordQ+SpeakQ]], Typing Assistant,<ref>{{cite web |author=Sumit Software |title=Typing Assistant β New generation of word prediction software |date=2010 |publisher=PRLog: Press Release Distribution |url=https://www.prlog.org/10519217-typing-assistant-new-generation-of-word-prediction-software.html}}</ref> Co:Writer,{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Wivik,{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Ghotit Dyslexia),{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} or as one of many features on an AAC device (PRC's Pathfinder,{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Dynavox Systems,{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} Saltillo's ChatPC products{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}). Some well known programs: Intellicomplete,{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} which is available in both a freeware and a payware version, but works only with programs which are made to work with it. Letmetype{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} and Typingaid{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} are both freeware programs which work in any text editor. An early version of autocompletion was described in 1967 by [[H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins]] in his Computer-Assisted Typewriter (CAT),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Longuet-Higgins |first1=H.C. |last2=Ortony |first2=A. |chapter=The Adaptive Memorization of Sequences |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mi3_20200519/page/310/mode/2up |editor= |title=Machine Intelligence 3, Proceedings of the Third Annual Machine Intelligence Workshop, University of Edinburgh, September 1967 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location= |date=1968 |isbn= |pages=311β322 |url=}}</ref> "such words as 'BEGIN' or 'PROCEDURE' or identifiers introduced by the programmer, would be automatically completed by the CAT after the programmer had typed only one or two symbols."
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