Editing Cannabinoid (section)

==== Cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals ====
[[Nabiximols]] (brand name Sativex) is an aerosolized mist for oral administration containing a near 1:1 ratio of CBD and THC.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Keating GM | title = Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol/Cannabidiol Oromucosal Spray (Sativex<sup>®</sup>): A Review in Multiple Sclerosis-Related Spasticity | journal = Drugs | volume = 77 | issue = 5 | pages = 563–574 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 28293911 | doi = 10.1007/s40265-017-0720-6 | s2cid = 2884550 }}</ref> Also included are minor cannabinoids and [[terpenoids]], [[ethanol]] and [[propylene glycol]] [[excipients]], and peppermint flavoring.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Russo EB | title = Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain | journal = Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 245–259 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18728714 | pmc = 2503660 | doi = 10.2147/TCRM.S1928 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The drug, made by [[GW Pharmaceuticals]], was first approved by Canadian authorities in 2005 to alleviate pain associated with [[multiple sclerosis]], making it the first cannabis-based medicine. It is marketed by Bayer in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |vauthors=Cooper R |title=GW Pharmaceuticals launches world's first prescription cannabis drug in Britain |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/pharmaceuticalsandchemicals/7842794/GW-Pharmaceuticals-launches-worlds-first-prescription-cannabis-drug-in-Britain.html |access-date=29 November 2018 |date=21 June 2010 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030419/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/pharmaceuticalsandchemicals/7842794/GW-Pharmaceuticals-launches-worlds-first-prescription-cannabis-drug-in-Britain.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sativex has been approved in 25 countries; clinical trials are underway in the United States to gain FDA approval.<ref name="USATodaySativex">{{cite web |title=3 prescription drugs that come from marijuana |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2014/03/17/three-drugs-that-come-from-marijuana/6531291/ |website=USA Today |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420163531/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2014/03/17/three-drugs-that-come-from-marijuana/6531291/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, it was approved for treatment of cancer pain.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> In Phase III trials, the most common adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness and disorientation; 12% of subjects stopped taking the drug because of the side effects.<ref name="Schubert">{{cite book | vauthors = Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Wurglics M | title = Neue Arzneimittel | date = 2011–2012 | language = de }}</ref>

[[Dronabinol]] (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating [[HIV/AIDS]]-induced [[anorexia (symptom)|anorexia]] and [[chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting]].<ref name="fda">{{cite web |title=FDA and Cannabis: Research and Drug Approval Process |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-cannabis-research-and-drug-approval-process |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212132738/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-cannabis-research-and-drug-approval-process |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2019 |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=23 May 2023 |date=24 February 2023}}</ref>

The [[Cannabidiol|CBD]] drug Epidiolex has been approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] for treatment of two rare and severe forms of [[epilepsy]],<ref name="fda18">{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm611046.htm|title=FDA approves first drug {{sic|comprised |hide=y|of}} an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|date=25 June 2018|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423071605/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm611046.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dravet syndrome|Dravet]] and [[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome|Lennox-Gastaut]] syndromes.<ref name="CNNDravet">{{cite web|vauthors=Scutti S|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/health/fda-approves-first-cannabis-drug-bn/index.html|title=FDA approves first cannabis-based drug|website=CNN|date=25 June 2018|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070652/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/health/fda-approves-first-cannabis-drug-bn/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Nabilone]] (Cesamet) is an FDA approved synthetic analog of THC, prescribed for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy treatment in people who have failed to respond adequately to conventional antiemetic treatments.<ref name=fda/>