Editing City (section)

=== Municipal services ===
[[File:Aftermath of a huge fire at Thomas McKenzie & Sons Ltd. on Pearse Street, Dublin.jpg|thumb|The [[Dublin Fire Brigade]] in Dublin, Ireland, extinguishing a severe fire at a hardware store in 1970]]
Cities typically provide [[municipal services]] such as [[education]], through [[school system]]s; [[police|policing]], through police departments; and [[firefighting]], through [[fire department]]s; as well as the city's basic infrastructure. These are provided more or less routinely, in a more or less equal fashion.<ref name="JonesEtAl1980">Bryan D. Jones, Saadia R. Greenbeg, Clifford Kaufman, & Joseph Drew, "Service Delivery Rules and the Distribution of Local Government Services: Three Detroit Bureaucracies"; in Hahn & Levine (1980). "Local government bureaucracies more or less explicitly accept the goal of implementing rational criteria for the delivery of services to citizens, even though compromises may have to be made in the establishment of these criteria. These production oriented criteria often give rise to "service deliver rules", regularized procedures for the delivery of services, which are attempts to codify the productivity goals of urban service bureaucracies. These rules have distinct, definable distributional consequences which often go unrecognized. That is, the decisions of governments to adopt rational service delivery rules can (and usually do) differentially benefit citizens."</ref><ref name="Lineberry">Robert L. Lineberry, "Mandating Urban Equality: The Distribution of Municipal Public Services"; in Hahn & Levine (1980). See: [[Shaw, Mississippi|Hawkins v. Town of Shaw]] (1971).</ref> Responsibility for administration usually falls on the city government, but some services may be operated by a higher level of government,<ref>George Nilson, "[http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-state-control-police-20170228-story.html Baltimore police under state control for good reason] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010010234/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-state-control-police-20170228-story.html |date=10 October 2017 }}", ''Baltimore Sun'' 28 February 2017.</ref> while others may be privately run.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dilger |first1=Robert Jay |last2=Moffett |first2=Randolph R. |last3=Struyk |first3=Linda |year=1997 |title=Privatization of Municipal Services in America's Largest Cities |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/976688 |journal=Public Administration Review |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=21 |doi=10.2307/976688 |jstor=976688|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Armies may assume responsibility for policing cities in states of domestic turmoil such as America's [[King assassination riots]] of 1968.