Editing Civil service (section)

=== Asia ===

====Brunei====
The Civil Service ({{langx|ms|Perkhidmatan Awam}}) of Brunei. The role of the civil service is as the government's administrative machinery to uphold the supreme authority of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, uphold the National Philosophy – MIB, Melayu Islam Beraja, ensure the development of the country and ensure the welfare of the people as well as its traditional role as the peacekeeper, law enforcer, regulator and service providers. However, the adjudication system is separate from the civil service to maintain its independence and impartiality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yunos |first1=Rozan |title=Origins of Modern Civil Service in Brunei |url=https://www.academia.edu/35609069 |journal=The Brunei Times |date=January 2010 |publisher=Academia |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001120957/https://www.academia.edu/35609069 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Cambodia====
The Civil Service ({{langx|km|សេវាកម្មស៊ីវិល}}, ''Sevakamm Civil'') of Cambodia is the policy implementing arm of the [[Royal Government of Cambodia]]. In executing this important role, each civil servant ({{langx|km|មន្រ្តីរាជការ}}, ''Montrey Reachkar'') is
obligated to act according to the law and is guided by public policy pronouncements. The ''Common Statute of Civil Servants'' is the primary legislative framework for the Civil Service in Cambodia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mcs.gov.kh/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Handbook-For-Civil-Servents_2010-12-03.pdf |title=Handbook For Civil Servants |access-date=2020-02-20 |archive-date=2020-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220201129/http://www.mcs.gov.kh/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Handbook-For-Civil-Servents_2010-12-03.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

====China====

===== History =====
One of the oldest examples of a civil service based on [[meritocracy]] is the Imperial bureaucracy of China, which can be traced as far back as the [[Qin dynasty]] (221–207 BC).
However, the civil service examinations were practiced on a much smaller scale in comparison to the stronger, centralized bureaucracy of the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279). In response to the regional military rule of [[jiedushi]] and the loss of civil authority during the late Tang period and [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period|Five Dynasties]] (907–960), the Song emperors were eager to implement a system where civil officials would owe their social prestige to the central court and gain their salaries strictly from the central government. This ideal was not fully achieved since many scholar officials were affluent landowners and were engaged in many anonymous business affairs in an age of [[Economy of the Song dynasty|economic revolution in China]]. Nonetheless, gaining a degree through three levels of examination—prefectural exams, provincial exams, and the prestigious palace exams—was a far more desirable goal in society than becoming a merchant. This was because the mercantile class was traditionally regarded with some disdain by the [[scholar-official]] class.

This class of state bureaucrats in the Song period were far less aristocratic than their Tang predecessors. The examinations were carefully structured in order to ensure that people of lesser means than what was available to candidates born into wealthy, landowning families were given a greater chance to pass the exams and obtain an official degree. This included the employment of a bureau of [[copyist]]s who would rewrite all of the candidates' exams in order to mask their handwriting and thus prevent favoritism by graders of the exams who might otherwise recognize a candidate's handwriting. The advent of widespread [[printing]] in the Song period allowed many more examination candidates access to the [[Chinese classics|Confucian texts]] whose mastery was required for passing the exams.

===== Current =====
{{main|Civil Service of the People%27s Republic of China|}}

Hong Kong and Macau have separate civil service systems:
* [[Hong Kong Civil Service]]
* [[Secretariat for Administration and Justice (Macau)|Secretariat for Administration and Justice]] is responsible for the civil service in [[Macau]]

====India====
{{Main|Civil Services of India}}
In India, civil servants are selected as per the [[Constitution of India]]. Civil servants serve at the pleasure of the [[President of India]]. The civil services of India can be classified into two types—the [[All India Services]] and the [[Central Civil Services]] (Group A and B). The recruits are university graduates selected through three phase exams such as the [[Civil Services Examination]] (CSE) or the [[Engineering Services Examination]] (ESE) among others, conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC). Additionally, there are also [[Civil Services of India#State Services|State Civil Services]]. The state civil servants are selected through an examination conducted by [[Public service commissions in India|state public service commissions]]. State civil servants serve at the pleasure of the [[Governor (India)|Governor]].

==== Japan ====
{{main|Civil service of Japan}}

====Pakistan====
{{Main category|Civil service of Pakistan}}
{{Main|Central Superior Services of Pakistan}}
In Pakistan the [[Federal Public Service Commission|FPSC]] (Federal Public Service Commission) conducts a [[competitive examination]] for the [[Central Superior Services of Pakistan]] and other civil-service posts; Pakistan inherited this system from the [[British Raj]]-era [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Indian Civil Service]].

Pakistan has federal civil servants serving in federal government offices, with staff selected through the Federal Public Service Commission. Similarly, Pakistani provinces select their own public servants through provincial Public Service Commissions. The federal services have some quota against provincial posts, while provincial services have some quota in federal services.

====Taiwan====
The [[Taiwan|ROC]] [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|constitution]] specifies that public servant cannot be employed without examination. The employment is usually lifelong (that is, until age about retirement).