Editing Condoleezza Rice (section)

==Secretary of State (2005–2009)==
{{Main|Condoleezza Rice as Secretary of State}}
{{See also|Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration|List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State}}

[[File:RICEBUSHSIGN.jpg|thumb|Rice signs official papers after receiving the oath of office during her ceremonial swearing in at the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]. Watching are, from left, [[Laura Bush]], Justice [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]], President George W. Bush.]]
[[File:Condoleezza Rice and Michaëlle Jean.jpg|thumb|Condoleezza Rice visits [[Governor General of Canada]] [[Michaëlle Jean]] in [[Ottawa, Ontario]].]]

On November 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rice to be Secretary of State. On January 26, 2005, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 85–13.<ref name="sworn in as secretary">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Rice sworn in as secretary of state|date=January 26, 2005|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6862922|work=NBCNews.com|access-date=January 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016213751/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6862922/ns/politics/t/rice-sworn-secretary-state/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The negative votes, the most cast against any nomination for Secretary of State since 1825,<ref name="sworn in as secretary"/> came from Senators who, according to Senator [[Barbara Boxer]], wanted "to hold Dr. Rice and the Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and in the war on terrorism."<ref>{{cite web|author=Boxer, Barbara |title=This is just the beginning |url=http://www.barbaraboxer.com/diary?id=0012 |publisher=PAC for a Change |access-date=January 29, 2013 |date=January 27, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511081726/http://www.barbaraboxer.com/diary?id=0012 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref> Their reasoning was that Rice had acted irresponsibly in equating [[Saddam Hussein|Saddam]]'s regime with [[Islamism|Islamist]] terrorism and some could not accept her previous record. Senator [[Robert Byrd]], a prominent Senate institutionalist<ref>{{cite news|agency=Washington Post|title=President's Jury: 100 Interested Parties|date=January 13, 1999|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/jurors011399.htm}}</ref> who was concerned with executive over-reach, voted against Rice's appointment, indicating that she "has asserted that the President holds far more of the war power than the Constitution grants him."<ref>{{cite press release |title=Standing for the Founding Principles of the Republic: Voting No on the Nomination of Dr. Rice as Secretary of State |publisher=[[Robert Byrd]] |date=January 25, 2005 |url=http://byrd.senate.gov/speeches/byrd_speeches_2005_january/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis_0.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409005135/http://byrd.senate.gov/speeches/byrd_speeches_2005_january/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis_0.html|archive-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref>

As Secretary of State, Rice championed the expansion of democratic governments and other American values: "American values are universal."<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/campaign-2000-promoting-national-interest |last=Condoleezza |first=Rice |title=Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=79 |issue=1 |date=January 2000 |page=50 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043748/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2000-01-01/campaign-2000-promoting-national-interest |archive-date=September 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> "An international order that reflects our values is the best guarantee of our enduring national interest{{nbsp}}..."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2008-06-01/rethinking-national-interest |first=Condoleezza |last=Rice |title=Rethinking the National Interest |work=[[Foreign Affairs]] |volume=87 |issue=4 |date=July 2008 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161324/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2008-06-01/rethinking-national-interest |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rice stated that the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001 were rooted in "oppression and despair" and so, the U.S. must advance democratic reform and support basic rights throughout the greater Middle East.<ref name=wilson>{{cite press release |title=Princeton University's Celebration of the 75th Anniversary Of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=September 30, 2005 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/54176.htm |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023026/https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/54176.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Rice also reformed and restructured the department, as well as U.S. diplomacy as a whole. "[[Transformational Diplomacy]]" is the goal that Rice describes as "work[ing] with our many partners around the world ... [and] build[ing] and sustain[ing] democratic, well-governed states that will respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system."<ref name=TransDip>{{cite press release |title=Transformational Diplomacy |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=January 18, 2006 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/59339.htm |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023122/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/59339.htm |url-status=live }} {{cite press release |title=Georgetown University address |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |date=January 18, 2006 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/59306.htm |access-date=November 3, 2008 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823023026/https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/59306.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:2006 02 22 riyadh1 600al-Faisal-Rice.jpg|thumb|Rice with Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister [[Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Saud al-Faisal]] in 2006]]
As Secretary of State, Rice traveled heavily and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration;<ref name="reut-trav"/> she holds the record for most miles logged in the position.<ref name="nyt-amplified">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/us/politics/scare-amplifies-fears-that-clintons-work-has-taken-heavy-toll.html |title=Scare Adds to Fears That Clinton's Work Has Taken Toll |last=Landler |first=Mark |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=September 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912165655/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/us/politics/scare-amplifies-fears-that-clintons-work-has-taken-heavy-toll.html%26pagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0 |archive-date=September 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her diplomacy relied on strong presidential support and is considered to be the continuation of style defined by former Republican secretaries of state [[Henry Kissinger]] and James Baker.<ref name="reut-trav">{{cite news |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/general/326857/rice_travel_diplomacy_year__up_close_and_personal/ |title=Rice travel diplomacy year&nbsp;– up close and personal |agency=Reuters |date=October 11, 2005 |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420161144/http://www.redorbit.com/news/general/326857/rice_travel_diplomacy_year__up_close_and_personal/ |archive-date=April 20, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Rice and Putin.jpg|thumb|right|Condoleezza Rice speaks with [[Vladimir Putin]] during her April 2005 trip to Russia.]]