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Conspiracy theory
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===Reducing transmission=== Public exposure to conspiracy theories can be reduced by interventions that reduce their ability to spread, such as by encouraging people to reflect before sharing a news story.<ref name="LewandowskyCook2020"/> Researchers Carlos Diaz Ruiz and Tomas Nilsson have proposed technical and rhetorical interventions to counter the spread of conspiracy theories on social media.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Diaz Ruiz|first1=Carlos|last2=Nilsson|first2=Tomas|date=2023|title=Disinformation and Echo Chambers: How Disinformation Circulates on Social Media Through Identity-Driven Controversies|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/07439156221103852|journal=Journal of Public Policy & Marketing|language=en|volume=42|issue=1|pages=18β35|doi=10.1177/07439156221103852|s2cid=248934562}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}} </ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Interventions to counter the spread of conspiracy theories on social media<ref name=":0" /> |- !Type of intervention !Intervention |- | rowspan="3" |Technical |Expose sources that insert and circulate conspiracy theories on social media (flagging). |- |Diminish the source's capacity to monetize conspiracies (demonetization). |- |Slow down the circulation of conspiracy theories (algorithm) |- | rowspan="5" |Rhetorical |Issue authoritative corrections (fact-checking). |- |Authority-based corrections and fact-checking may backfire because personal worldviews cannot be proved wrong. |- |Enlist spokespeople that can be perceived as allies and insiders. |- |Rebuttals must spring from an epistemology that participants are already familiar with. |- |Give believers of conspiracies an "exit ramp" to dis-invest themselves without facing ridicule. |}
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