Editing Crystal structure (section)

=== Impurities ===
{{Expand section|date=August 2022}}
When one atom substitutes for one of the principal atomic components within the crystal structure, alteration in the electrical and thermal properties of the material may ensue.<ref>{{cite book|first=Nikola |last=Kallay |date=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXsBk20WO1sC |title=Interfacial Dynamics |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0824700065}}</ref> Impurities may also manifest as [[electron spin]] impurities in certain materials. Research on magnetic impurities demonstrates that substantial alteration of certain properties such as specific heat may be affected by small concentrations of an impurity, as for example impurities in semiconducting [[ferromagnetic]] [[alloy]]s may lead to different properties as first predicted in the late 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.188.870|title = Density of States of an Insulating Ferromagnetic Alloy|year = 1969|author = Hogan, C. M.|journal = Physical Review|volume = 188|issue = 2|pages = 870–874|bibcode = 1969PhRv..188..870H }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.32.2530|title = Spin-wave-related period doublings and chaos under transverse pumping|year = 1985|author = Zhang, X. Y.|journal = Physical Review A|volume = 32|pages = 2530–2533|pmid = 9896377|first2 = H|issue = 4|last2 = Suhl|bibcode = 1985PhRvA..32.2530Z }}</ref>