Editing Data compression (section)

==== History ====
{{Main|Video coding format#History}}

In 1967, A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed a [[run-length encoding]] bandwidth compression scheme for the transmission of analog television signals.<ref name="robinson">{{cite journal |author1-last=Robinson |author1-first=A. H. |author2-last=Cherry |author2-first=C. |title=Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme |journal=[[Proceedings of the IEEE]] |publisher=[[IEEE]] |volume=55 |number=3 |date=1967 |pages=356–364 |doi=10.1109/PROC.1967.5493}}</ref> The DCT, which is fundamental to modern video compression,<ref name="Ghanbari"/> was introduced by [[N. Ahmed|Nasir Ahmed]], T. Natarajan and [[K. R. Rao]] in 1974.<ref name="DCT"/><ref name="patents"/>

[[H.261]], which debuted in 1988, commercially introduced the prevalent basic architecture of video compression technology.<ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.real.com/resources/digital-video-file-formats/|title=The History of Video File Formats Infographic — RealPlayer|date=22 April 2012}}</ref> It was the first [[video coding format]] based on DCT compression.<ref name="Ghanbari">{{cite book |last1=Ghanbari |first1=Mohammed |title=Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding |date=2003 |publisher=[[Institution of Engineering and Technology]] |isbn=9780852967102 |pages=1–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XuU8T3ooOAC&pg=PA1}}</ref> H.261 was developed by a number of companies, including [[Hitachi]], [[PictureTel]], [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]], [[BT plc|BT]] and [[Toshiba]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Patent statement declaration registered as H261-07 |url=https://www.itu.int/net4/ipr/details_ps.aspx?sector=ITU-T&id=H261-07 |website=ITU |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref>

The most popular [[video coding standard]]s used for codecs have been the [[MPEG]] standards. [[MPEG-1]] was developed by the [[Motion Picture Experts Group]] (MPEG) in 1991, and it was designed to compress [[VHS]]-quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by [[MPEG-2]]/[[H.262]],<ref name="history"/> which was developed by a number of companies, primarily [[Sony]], [[Technicolor SA|Thomson]] and [[Mitsubishi Electric]].<ref name="mp2-patents">{{cite web |title=MPEG-2 Patent List |url=https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m2-att1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164140/https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m2-att1.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-29 |url-status=live |website=[[MPEG LA]] |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> MPEG-2 became the standard video format for [[DVD]] and [[SD digital television]].<ref name="history"/> In 1999, it was followed by [[MPEG-4 Visual|MPEG-4]]/[[H.263]].<ref name="history"/> It was also developed by a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi Electric, [[Hitachi]] and [[Panasonic]].<ref name="mp4-patents">{{cite web |title=MPEG-4 Visual - Patent List |url=https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m4v-att1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706184528/https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m4v-att1.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-06 |url-status=live |website=[[MPEG LA]] |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref>

[[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]] was developed in 2003 by a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic, [[Godo kaisha|Godo Kaisha IP Bridge]] and [[LG Electronics]].<ref name="avc-patents">{{cite web |title=AVC/H.264 {{ndash}} Patent List |url=https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/avc-att1.pdf |website=MPEG LA |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> AVC commercially introduced the modern [[context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding]] (CABAC) and [[context-adaptive variable-length coding]] (CAVLC) algorithms. AVC is the main video encoding standard for [[Blu-ray Disc]]s, and is widely used by video sharing websites and streaming internet services such as [[YouTube]], [[Netflix]], [[Vimeo]], and [[iTunes Store]], web software such as [[Adobe Flash Player]] and [[Microsoft Silverlight]], and various [[HDTV]] broadcasts over terrestrial and satellite television.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}