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Elective monarchy
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====Sovereign Military Order of Malta==== The [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], formerly known as the [[Knights Hospitaller]] or the Knights of Malta, remains a [[Sovereignty|sovereign subject]] of [[international law]] since it was exiled to Rome from Malta during the [[French occupation of Malta]] under the [[First French Republic]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Theutenberg |first=Bo J. |author-link=:sv:Bo Johnson Theutenberg |date=2003 |title=The Holy See, the Order of Malta and International Law |publisher=Johnny Hagberg and Skara stiftshistoriska sällskap |url=http://www.theutenberg.se/pdf/the_holy_see_the_order_of_malta_and_international_law.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123151822/http://www.theutenberg.se/pdf/the_holy_see_the_order_of_malta_and_international_law.pdf |archive-date=2015-11-23 |isbn=91-974235-6-4}}</ref> The Order is ruled by the [[List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Prince and Grand Master]], who is elected for life by the Council Complete of State. The Prince and Grand Master holds the rank of Prince, bestowed by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1607 and holds the precedence of a cardinal of the Church since 1630.<ref>{{cite book |last= Sire |first= H.J.A. |date= 1994 |title= The Knights of Malta |publisher= Yale University Press |page= 221 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KhLJcYiV3YAC&pg=PA221 |isbn= 0300068859 |access-date= 2020-09-23 |archive-date= 2022-05-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220515032800/https://books.google.com/books?id=KhLJcYiV3YAC&pg=PA221 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Noonan Jr. | first=James-Charles | date=1996 | title=The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church | publisher=Viking | page=[https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/135 135] | isbn=0-670-86745-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/135 }}</ref> The Council that elects the prince includes members of the Sovereign Council and other high-ranking office-holders and representatives of the Order's worldwide entities. The Sovereign Council, including the Grand Commander, the Grand Chancellor, the Grand Hospitaller, and the Receiver of the Common Treasure, aid the prince in governing the order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta |url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/government/sovereign-council/ |website=Order of Malta |language=en-US |access-date=2018-02-23 |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020073202/https://www.orderofmalta.int/government/sovereign-council/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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