Editing Erectile dysfunction (section)

==History==
{{Further|Medicalisation of sexuality}}
[[File:Zibik.jpg|thumb|An unhappy wife is complaining to the [[qadi]] about her husband's impotence. [[Ottoman miniature]].]]
Attempts to treat the symptoms described by ED date back well over 1,000 years. In the 8th century, males of Ancient Rome and Greece wore talismans of rooster and goat genitalia, believing these talismans would serve as an aphrodisiac and promote sexual function.<ref name="MCLAREN">{{cite book | vauthors = McLaren A  |title=Impotence: A Cultural History |date=2007 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-50076-8}}</ref> In the 13th century, [[Albertus Magnus]] recommended ingesting roasted wolf penis as a remedy for impotence.<ref name="MCLAREN" /> During the late 16th and 17th centuries in France, male impotence was considered a crime, as well as legal grounds for a divorce. The practice, which involved inspection of the complainants by court experts, was declared obscene in 1677.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Roach M |title=Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex|year=2009|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co|location=New York|isbn=978-0-393-33479-1|pages=149–52|title-link=Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Darmon P |title=Trial by Impotence: Virility and Marriage in Pre-Revolutionary France |date=1985 |publisher=Vintage/Ebury |isbn=978-0-7011-2915-6}}</ref>

The first major publication describing a broad medicalization of sexual disorders was the first edition of the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' in 1952.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last1=Hart |first1=Graham |last2=Wellings |first2=Kaye |date=2002-04-13 |title=Sexual behaviour and its medicalisation: in sickness and in health |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7342/896 |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=324 |issue=7342 |pages=896–900 |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7342.896 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=1122837 |pmid=11950742 |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2023-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223052939/https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7342/896 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early 20th century, medical folklore held that 90-95% of cases of ED were psychological in origin, but around the 1980s research took the opposite direction of searching for physical causes of sexual dysfunction, which also happened in the 1920s and 30s.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Tiefer |first=Leonore |date=1996 |title=The medicalization of sexuality: Conceptual, normative, and professional issues |journal=[[Annual Review of Sex Research]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=252–282 |doi=10.1080/10532528.1996.10559915 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> Physical causes as explanations continue to dominate literature when compared with psychological explanations {{As of|2022|lc=y}}.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Grunt-Mejer |first=Katarzyna |date=2022-07-03 |title=The history of the medicalisation of rapid ejaculation—A reflection of the rising importance of female pleasure in a phallocentric world |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19419899.2021.1888312 |journal=Psychology & Sexuality |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=565–582 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2021.1888312 |issn=1941-9899 |s2cid=233924065 |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2023-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223052939/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19419899.2021.1888312 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 

Treatments in the 80s for ED included [[penile implant]]s and [[Intracavernous injection|intracavernosal injections]].<ref name=":9" /> The first successful vacuum erection device, or [[penis pump]], was developed by Vincent Marie Mondat in the early 1800s.<ref name="MCLAREN" /> A more advanced device based on a bicycle pump was developed by Geddings Osbon, a Pentecostal preacher, in the 1970s. In 1982, he received FDA approval to market the product.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoyland K, Vasdev N, Adshead J |date=2013 |title=The use of vacuum erection devices in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy |journal=Reviews in Urology |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=67–71 |pmc=3784970 |pmid=24082845}}</ref> [[John R. Brinkley]] initiated a boom in male impotence treatments in the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s, with radio programs that recommended expensive goat gland implants and "mercurochrome" injections as the path to restored male virility, including operations by surgeon [[Serge Voronoff]].

Modern drug therapy for ED made a significant advance in 1983, when British physiologist [[Giles Brindley]] dropped his trousers and demonstrated to a shocked Urodynamics Society audience showing his [[papaverine]]-induced erection.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Klotz L | title = How (not) to communicate new scientific information: a memoir of the famous Brindley lecture | journal = BJU International | volume = 96 | issue = 7 | pages = 956–7 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16225508 | doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05797.x | s2cid = 38931340 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The current most common treatment for ED, the oral [[PDE5 inhibitor]] known as [[sildenafil]] (Viagra) was approved for use for [[Pfizer Inc.|Pfizer]] by the FDA in 1998, which at the time of release was the fastest selling drug in history.<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Valiquette L | title = A historical review of erectile dysfunction | journal = The Canadian Journal of Urology | volume = 10 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 7–11 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12625844 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10865798 | access-date = 2019-02-16 | archive-date = 2022-02-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220203061457/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10865798_A_historical_review_of_erectile_dysfunction | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Pacey |first=Susan |date=2008-08-01 |title=The medicalisation of sex: a barrier to intercourse? |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14681990802221092 |journal=Sexual and Relationship Therapy |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=183–187 |doi=10.1080/14681990802221092 |issn=1468-1994 |s2cid=144685850|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sildenafil largely replaced [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRI]] treatments for ED at the time<ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Štulhofer |first=Aleksandar |title=The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality |date=2015-04-20 |isbn=978-1-4051-9006-0 |pages=721–817 |chapter=Medicalization of sexuality |doi=10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs297 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs297}}</ref> and proliferated new types of specialised pharmaceutical marketing which emphasised social connotations of ED and Viagra rather than its physical effects.<ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last1=Gurevich |first1=Maria |last2=Cormier |first2=Nicole |last3=Leedham |first3=Usra |last4=Brown-Bowers |first4=Amy |date=August 2018 |title=Sexual dysfunction or sexual discipline? Sexuopharmaceutical use by men as prevention and proficiency |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959353517750682 |journal=Feminism & Psychology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=309–330 |doi=10.1177/0959353517750682 |issn=0959-3535 |s2cid=149254089 |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-date=2023-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213081719/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959353517750682 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite journal |last=Tiefer |first=Leonore |date=2001-05-01 |title=A new view of women's sexual problems: Why new? Why now? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224490109552075 |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=89–96 |doi=10.1080/00224490109552075 |issn=0022-4499 |s2cid=144377564|url-access=subscription }}</ref>