Editing Ford Pinto engine (section)

==={{anchor|2.3|LL23}}2.3 (LL23)===

The [[Ford Pinto]] used the '''OHC''' version, a {{cvt|2301|cc|L|1|order=flip}} unit introduced in 1974 which has a {{cvt|96.04|mm|in|2}} bore and {{cvt|79.4|mm|in|2}} stroke. This version lasted until 1997 in various guises. The earliest units produced {{cvt|66|kW|hp|0}} and {{cvt|160|Nm|lbft|0}}. This engine has also been known as the Lima engine, after the [[Lima Engine]] plant in [[Lima, Ohio]], where it was first manufactured (it was also manufactured in [[Brazil]] starting in 1974).

In 1979–80, a draw-through, non-[[Intercooler|intercooled]] turbo version was produced for Mustang Cobras and some Capris. Lack of dealership and owner training resulted in many stuck turbochargers and other maintenance problems. They were limited to {{cvt|5|psi|bar}} of boost, though Ford Motorsport sold a wastegate with an adjustable rod which allowed an increase up to {{cvt|9|psi|bar}}. It was used in this carbureted form in a number of passenger cars, from the Fairmont Futura Turbo to the 1979 Indy Pace Car edition Mustang.

In 1983, Ford introduced a fuel-injected version of the turbocharged engine, which was used in the [[Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe|Thunderbird Turbo Coupe]] and the Turbo GT trim of the [[Ford Mustang (third generation)|Mustang]]. In 1984, the [[Ford Mustang SVO|Mustang SVO]] was introduced with an intercooler, initially producing {{cvt|175|hp|0}} and later increased to {{cvt|205|hp|0}} in 1985½. After the SVO was discontinued, the intercooler was added to the Turbo Coupe. Output for this turbo/intercooled version was {{cvt|190|hp|0}} and {{cvt|240|Nm|lbft|0}} for the 1987–88 models with the five-speed (T-5) [[manual transmission]]. In addition to the 1983–1984 Mustang Turbo GT and 1983–1986 Turbo Coupe, the non-intercooled version of the engine was also used in the 1985–89 [[Merkur XR4Ti]] and 1984–1986 [[Mercury Cougar#Sixth generation (1983–1988)|Mercury Cougar XR7]], producing {{cvt|155|hp|0}} and {{cvt|190|lbft|Nm|0}}.

A version with two spark plugs per cylinder, distributor-less ignition, and reduced main bearing sizes was introduced in the 1989 [[Ford Ranger]] and 1991 [[Ford Mustang]]. This engine produced {{cvt|105|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|183|Nm|lbft|0}}.

;Applications:
* Naturally aspirated
** 1986–1987 [[Ford Aerostar]]
** 1977–1982 [[Ford Courier]]
** 1974–1980 [[Ford Pinto]]
** 1983–1997 [[Ford Ranger (North America)|Ford Ranger]]/Mazda B-Series (North America)
** 1974–1993 [[Ford Mustang (third generation)|Ford Mustang]]
** 1975–1979 [[Ford Maverick (North America)|Ford Maverick]] Brazilian models
** Ford [[Jeep CJ-5]] Brazilian models
** Ford Rural, F-75 pick up Brazilian models
** [[Ford Taunus]] Argentina models
** [[Ford Sierra]] Argentina models
** [[Ford Falcon (Argentina)]]
** 1978–1983 [[Ford Fairmont]]
** 1974–1980 [[Mercury Bobcat]]
** 1979–1986 [[Mercury Capri]]
** 1978–1983 [[Mercury Zephyr]]
** 1983–1986 [[Ford LTD (Americas)|Ford LTD]]
** 1983–1986 [[Mercury Marquis]]
[[File:86 SVO engine 2.3L Turbo.JPG|thumb|Turbocharged and intercooled 2.3 liter engine in a 1986 Mustang SVO]]
* Turbo
** 1979–1981 Ford Mustang
** 1979–1981 Mercury Capri
** 1980 Ford Fairmont (all body styles except wagons)
** 1980 Mercury Zephyr (all body styles except wagons)
** 1985–1989 [[Merkur XR4Ti]]
** 1983–1986 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe
** 1984–1986 Mercury Cougar XR7
** 1983–1984 Mustang Turbo GT (W Code)
** 1983–1984 Capri Turbo RS
* Turbo/Intercooler
** 1984–1986 [[Ford Mustang SVO]]
** 1987–1988 [[Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe]]