Editing Graphics card (section)

=== Output interfaces ===
[[File:Gpu-connector.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2|[[Video-in video-out]] (VIVO) for S-Video (TV-out), Digital Visual Interface (DVI) for high-definition television (HDTV), and DE-15 for Video Graphics Array (VGA)]]
The most common connection systems between the graphics card and the computer display are:

==== Video Graphics Array (VGA) (DE-15) ====
[[File:DE-15 female.svg|thumb|Video Graphics Array ([[VGA connector|DE-15]])]]
{{Main|Video Graphics Array}}

Also known as [[D-subminiature|D-sub]], VGA is an analog-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called [[VGA connector]]. Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video resolutions including [[1080p]] and higher. Some problems of this standard are [[Electromagnetic interference|electrical noise]], [[image distortion]] and [[sampling error]] in evaluating pixels. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, the picture quality can degrade depending on cable quality and length. The extent of quality difference depends on the individual's eyesight and the display; when using a DVI or HDMI connection, especially on larger sized LCD/LED monitors or TVs, quality degradation, if present, is prominently visible. [[Blu-ray]] playback at 1080p is possible via the VGA analog interface, if [[Image Constraint Token]] (ICT) is not enabled on the Blu-ray disc.

==== Digital Visual Interface (DVI) ====
[[File:DVI Connector Pinout.svg|thumb|[[Digital Visual Interface]] (DVI-I)]]
{{Main|Digital Visual Interface}}
Digital Visual Interface is a digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays ([[Liquid crystal display|LCD]]s, plasma screens, wide [[high-definition television]] displays) and video projectors. There were also some rare high-end CRT monitors that use DVI. It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its [[native resolution]]. It is worth noting that most manufacturers include a DVI-'''I''' connector, allowing (via simple adapter) standard RGB signal output to an old CRT or LCD monitor with VGA input.

==== Video-in video-out (VIVO) for S-Video, composite video and component video ====
[[File:MiniDIN-9 Diagram.svg|thumb|[[Mini-DIN connector#9-pin|VIVO connector]]|120x120px]]
{{Main|Video-in video-out}}
These connectors are included to allow connection with [[television]]s, [[DVD player]]s, [[videocassette recorder|video recorders]] and [[video game console]]s. They often come in two 10-pin [[mini-DIN connector]] variations, and the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with either 4 connectors ([[S-Video]] in and out plus [[composite video]] [[Video capture|in]] and out), or 6 connectors (S-Video in and out, [[YPbPr|component YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>]] out and composite in and out).

==== High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) ====
[[File:HDMI Connector Pinout.svg|thumb|[[High-Definition Multimedia Interface]]]]
{{Main|HDMI}}
HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transferring [[uncompressed video]] data and compressed/uncompressed digital [[Uncompressed audio|audio]] data from an HDMI-compliant device ("the source device") to a compatible [[digital audio]] device, [[visual display unit|computer monitor]], [[video projector]], or [[digital television]].<ref name="HDMIFAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.hdmi.org/learningcenter/faq.aspx|title=HDMI FAQ|publisher=HDMI.org|access-date=2007-07-09|archive-date=2018-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222200543/https://www.hdmi.org/learningcenter/faq.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> HDMI is a digital replacement for existing [[analog video]] standards. HDMI supports [[copy protection]] through [[High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection|HDCP]].

==== DisplayPort ====
[[File:DisplayPort Connector.svg|thumb|[[DisplayPort]] ]]

{{Main|DisplayPort}}
DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the [[VESA|Video Electronics Standards Association]] (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a [[display device]] such as a [[computer monitor]], though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data.<ref name="ICCE">{{cite web|url=http://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ICCE-Presentation-on-VESA-DisplayPort.pdf|title=DisplayPort Technical Overview|date=January 10, 2011|publisher=VESA.org|access-date=23 January 2012|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010053/http://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ICCE-Presentation-on-VESA-DisplayPort.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
The VESA specification is [[royalty-free]]. VESA designed it to replace [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]], [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]], and [[Low-voltage differential signaling|LVDS]]. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter [[dongles]] enables consumers to use DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as [[High-Definition Multimedia Interface|HDMI]], it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it.<ref name="dpfaq">{{Cite news|title=FAQ Archive – DisplayPort|publisher=VESA|url=http://www.displayport.org/faq/faq-archive/|access-date=2012-08-22|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124200254/https://www.displayport.org/faq/faq-archive/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Direct2Dell_DPvsHDMI">{{cite web|url=http://en.community.dell.com/dell-blogs/direct2dell/b/direct2dell/archive/2008/02/19/46464.aspx|title=The Truth About DisplayPort vs. HDMI|work=dell.com|access-date=2013-03-13|archive-date=2014-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301024953/http://en.community.dell.com/dell-blogs/direct2dell/b/direct2dell/archive/2008/02/19/46464.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== USB-C ====
{{Main|USB-C}}

==== Other types of connection systems ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Type 
!Connector
!Description
|-
! [[Composite video]]
|[[File:Composite-video-cable.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| For display on analog systems with SD resolutions ([[PAL]] or [[NTSC]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.matrox.com/en/products/legacy|title=Legacy Products &#124; Matrox Video|website=video.matrox.com|accessdate=9 November 2023}}</ref> the [[RCA connector]] output can be used. The single pin connector carries all resolution, brightness and color information, making it the lowest quality dedicated video connection.<ref>{{cite web|title=Video Signals and Connectors|url=https://documentation.apple.com/en/soundtrackpro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=C%26section=2%26hash=apple_ref:doc:uid:SoundtrackPro-UserManual-90762CPE-1008751|publisher=Apple|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326040817/http://documentation.apple.com/en/soundtrackpro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=C%26section=2%26hash=apple_ref:doc:uid:SoundtrackPro-UserManual-90762CPE-1008751|url-status=live}}</ref> Depending on the card the [[SECAM]] color system might be supported, along with non-standard modes like [[PAL#PAL 60|PAL-60]] or [[NTSC#NTSC-N/NTSC50|NTSC50]].
|-
![[S-Video]]
|[[File:S-video-connection.jpg|center|135x135px]]
|For display on analog systems with SD resolutions ([[PAL]] or [[NTSC]]), the S-video cable carries two synchronized signal and ground pairs, termed '''Y''' and '''C''', on a four-pin [[mini-DIN connector]]. In composite video, the signals co-exist on different frequencies. To achieve this, the luminance signal must be low-pass filtered, dulling the image. As S-Video maintains the two as separate signals, such detrimental low-pass filtering for luminance is unnecessary, although the chrominance signal still has limited bandwidth relative to component video.
|-
!7P
|[[File:S-Video_7-pin_quasi-DIN_connector.JPG|center|65x65px]]
|Non-standard 7-pin mini-DIN connectors (termed "7P") are used in some computer equipment (PCs and Macs). A 7P socket accepts and is pin compatible with a standard 4-pin S-Video plug.<ref name="pin7">{{cite book |author=Keith Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kp5J7G8kXN4C&q=Video%20demystified%3A%20a%20handbook%20for%20the%20digital%20engineer.%20Newnes.%20p.%2069.&pg=PA69 |title=Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer |publisher=Newnes |year=2007 |isbn=9780750678223}}</ref> The three extra sockets may be used to supply [[Composite video|composite (CVBS)]], an RGB or YPbPr video signal, or an [[I²C]] interface.<ref name="pin7" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pinoutguide.com/Video/svideo_7pin_pinout.shtml|title=ATI Radeon 7 pin SVID/OUT connector pinout diagram @ pinoutguide.com|website=pinoutguide.com|accessdate=9 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
!8-pin mini-DIN
|[[File:MiniDIN-8_Diagram.svg|alt=A MiniDIN-8 Diagram|center|65x65px]]
|The 8-pin mini-DIN connector is used in some [[ATI Radeon]] video cards.<ref name="8-pin">{{cite web |author=Pinouts.Ru |year=2017 |title=ATI Radeon 8-pin audio / video VID IN connector pinout |url=https://pinouts.ru/Video/ati_video_pinout.shtml&usg=ALkJrhjYg-klUa0V7qOqqbVPDHFy9Rdp5A}}</ref>
|-
! [[Component video]]
|[[File:Component_video_jack.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| It uses three cables, each with an RCA connector ([[YCbCr|YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub>]] for digital component, or [[YPbPr|YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>]] for analog component); it is used in older projectors, video-game consoles, and DVD players.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Connect Component Video to a VGA Projector|url=http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/connect-component-video-vga-projector-1133.html|publisher=AZCentral|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> It can carry [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] [[480i]]/[[576i]] and [[Enhanced-definition television|EDTV]] [[480p]]/[[576p]] resolutions, and [[High-definition television|HDTV]] resolutions [[720p]] and [[1080i]], but not [[1080p]] due to industry concerns about copy protection. Its graphics quality is equivalent to HDMI for the resolutions it carries,<ref>{{cite web|title=Quality Difference Between Component vs. HDMI|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/81236-quality-difference-between-component-vs-hdmi|publisher=Extreme Tech|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204085155/http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/81236-quality-difference-between-component-vs-hdmi|url-status=live}}</ref> but for best performance for Blu-ray, other 1080p sources like [[Pay-per-view|PPV]], or [[Ultra-high-definition television|4K Ultra HD]], a digital display connector is required.
|-
! [[DB13W3]]
|[[File:DB13W3_Pinout.svg|center|200x200px]]
| An analog standard once used by [[Sun Microsystems]], [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] and [[IBM]].
|-
! [[DMS-59]]
|[[File:DMS-59.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| A connector that provides a [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]] or [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] output on a single connector.
|-
![[DE-9]]
|[[File:Numbered_DE9_female_Diagram.svg|center|frameless|200x200px]]
|The historical connector used by [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]] and [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]] graphics cards is a female nine-pin D-subminiature ([[DE-9]]). The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa.
|}