Editing Habitat fragmentation (section)

===== Boreal woodland caribous =====
In the boreal woodland caribous of British Columbia, the effects of fragmentation are demonstrated. The species refuge area is peatland bog which has been interrupted by linear features such as roads and pipelines.<ref name="DeMars2017">{{cite journal |last1=DeMars |first1=Craig A |last2=Boutin |first2=Stan |title=Nowhere to hide: Effects of linear features on predator-prey dynamics in a large mammal system |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |date=September 4, 2017 |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=274–284 |doi=10.1111/1365-2656.12760|pmid=28940254 |doi-access=free}}</ref> These features have allowed their natural predators, the wolf, and the black bear to more efficiently travel over landscapes and between patches of land.<ref name="DeMars2017" /> Since their predators can more easily access the caribous' refuge, the females of the species attempt to avoid the area, affecting their reproductive behaviours and offspring produced.<ref name="DeMars2017" />