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Hebrew language
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===Syntax=== Like most other languages, the vocabulary of the Hebrew language is divided into verbs, nouns, adjectives and so on, and its sentence structure can be analyzed by terms like object, subject and so on. * Though early [[Biblical Hebrew]] had a [[Verbโsubjectโobject word order|VSO]] ordering, this gradually transitioned to a subject-verb-object ordering. Many Hebrew sentences have several correct orders of words. * In Hebrew, there is no [[indefinite article]]. * Hebrew sentences do not have to include verbs; the [[Copula (linguistics)|copula]] in the [[present tense]] is omitted. For example, the sentence "I am here" ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืื ื ืคื}} ''{{transliteration|he|ani po}}'') has only two words; one for I ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืื ื}}) and one for here ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืคื}}). In the sentence "I am that person" ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื}} ''{{transliteration|he|ani hu ha'adam ha'ze}}''), the word for "am" corresponds to the word for "he" ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืื}}). However, this is usually omitted. Thus, the sentence ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืื ื ืืืื ืืื}}) is more often used and means the same thing. *Negative and interrogative sentences have the same order as the regular declarative one. A question that has a yes/no answer begins with {{lang|he|rtl=yes|"ืืื"}} (''ha'im'', an interrogative form of 'if'), but it is largely omitted in informal speech. * In Hebrew there is a specific preposition ({{lang|he|ืืช}} ''{{transliteration|he|et}}'') for direct objects that would not have a preposition marker in English. The English phrase "he ate the cake" would in Hebrew be {{lang|he|ืืื ืืื ืืช ืืขืืื}} ''{{transliteration|he|hu akhal et ha'ugah}}'' (literally, "He ate {{lang|he|ืืช}} the cake"). The word {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืช}}, however, can be omitted, making {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื}} ''{{transliteration|he|hu akhal ha'ugah}}'' ("He ate the cake"). Former Israeli Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] was convinced that {{lang|he|ืืช}} should never be used as it elongates the sentence without adding meaning. * In spoken Hebrew ‏{{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืช ื-}}‏ {{transliteration|he|et ha-}} is also often contracted to ‏{{lang|he|rtl=yes|-ืชึท'}}‏ {{transliteration|he|ta-}}, e.g. {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืช'ืื ืฉืื}} {{transliteration|he|ta-anashim}} instead of {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืช ืืื ืฉืื}} {{transliteration|he|et ha-anashim}} (the ' indicates non-standard use). This phenomenon has also been found by researchers in the [[Cave of Letters#Bar-Kokhba letters|Bar Kokhba documents]]: {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืขืื ืื ื ืขืื '''ืชืฉืืื'''โฆ ืฉืื ื ื ืืชื '''ืชืืืืื''' ืืจืืืืื}}, writing {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืชืืื}} instead of {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืืช ืืืื}}, as well as {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ืชืืงื}} and so on.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
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