Editing Hebron (section)

=== Urban development ===
[[File:King faisal street.jpg|thumb|King Faisal Street in Hebron was named in commemoration of [[Shah Faisal]], the [[king of Saudi Arabia]] from 1964 to 1975]]
Historically, the city consisted of four densely populated quarters: the ''[[suq]]'' and ''Harat al-Masharqa'' adjacent to the [[Ibrahimi Mosque]], the Silk Merchant Quarter (''Haret Kheitun'') to the south and the Sheikh Quarter (''Haret al-Sheikh'') to the north.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Hebrón _ AcademiaLab |url=https://academia--lab-com.translate.goog/enciclopedia/hebron/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc |access-date=July 31, 2024 |website=academia--lab-com.translate.goog}}</ref> It is believed the basic urban structure of the city had been established by the Mamluk period, during which time the city also had Jewish, Christian and Kurdish quarters.<ref name="De Cesari 2009 235–236">{{harvnb|De Cesari|2009|pp=235–36}}</ref>
In the mid 19th-century, Hebron was still divided into four quarters, but the Christian quarter had disappeared.<ref name="De Cesari 2009 235–236" /> The sections included the ancient quarter surrounding the [[Cave of Machpelah]], the ''Haret Kheitun'' (the Jewish Quarter, ''Haret el-Yahud''), the ''Haret el-Sheikh'' and the [[Druze]] Quarter.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[https://archive.org/details/journaladeputat00collgoog/page/n68 <!-- pg=395 --> Journal of a deputation sent to the East by the committee of the Malta Protestant college, in 1849: containing an account of the present state of the Oriental nations, including their religion, learning, education, customs, and occupations, Volume 2], J. Nisbet and co., 1854. p. 395.</ref> As Hebron's population gradually increased, inhabitants preferred to build upwards rather than leave the safety of their neighborhoods.<ref name=":11" /> By the 1880s, better security provided by the Ottoman authorities allowed the town to expand and a new commercial center, ''Bab el-Zawiye'', emerged.<ref>{{harvnb|Büssow|2011|p=202}}</ref> As development continued, new spacious and taller structures were built to the north-west.<ref>{{harvnb|Efrat|1984|p=191}}</ref> In 1918, the town consisted of dense clusters of residential dwellings along the valley, rising onto the slopes above it.<ref name="Kedar 2000 112–113">{{harvnb|Kedar|2000|pp=112–13}}</ref> By the 1920s, the town was made up of seven quarters: ''el-Sheikh'' and ''Bab el-Zawiye'' to the west, ''el-Kazzazin'', ''el-Akkabi'' and ''el-Haram'' in the center, ''el-Musharika'' to the south and ''el-Kheitun'' in the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Brill|1993|p=887}}</ref> Urban sprawl had spread onto the surrounding hills by 1945.<ref name="Kedar 2000 112–113" /> 
[[File:سماء الخليل.jpg|thumb|Sunset in the sky of Hebron Ras al-Jura|left]]
The large population increase under Jordanian rule resulted in about 1,800 new houses being built, most of them along the [[Jerusalem Road 21|Hebron-Jerusalem highway]], stretching northwards for over {{convert|3|mi|0|abbr=out}} at a depth of 600&nbsp;ft (200m) either way. Some 500 houses were built elsewhere on surrounding rural land. There was less development to the south-east, where housing units extended along the valley for about 1 mile (1.5&nbsp;km).<ref name="Efrat 1984 192" /> In 1971, with the assistance of the Israeli and Jordanian governments, the [[Hebron University]], an Islamic university, was founded.<ref>[http://www.hebron.edu/en/about-hu/hu-founder.html About Founder of Hebron University] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016234433/http://www.hebron.edu/en/about-hu/hu-founder.html |date=October 16, 2012}}, Hebron University, 2010–2011.</ref><ref>''A ghetto state of ghettos: Palestinians under Israeli citizenship'', Mary Boger, City University of New York. Sociology – 2008. p. 93: "The development of the Islamic Movement in Israel owes much to the Israeli and Jordanian governments who collaborated to establish an Islamic University in al-Khalil (Hebron), headed by Shaykh Muhammad Ali al-Ja'bari a prominent anti-PLO leader who served as minister in Jordan and in the internal circle of kings Abd-allah and Husayn, who are known to have befriended the Israeli occupation."</ref> In an attempt to enhance the view of the [[Ibrahimi Mosque|Ibrahami Mosque]], Jordan demolished whole blocks of ancient houses opposite its entrance, which also resulted in improved access to the historic site.<ref>{{harvnb|Ricca|2007|p=177}}</ref> The Jordanians also demolished the old synagog located in the el-Kazzazin Quarter. In 1976, Israel recovered the site, which had been converted into an animal pen, and by 1989, a settler courtyard had been established there.<ref>{{harvnb|Auerbach|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ooUqc8snyZUC&pg=PA79 79]}}</ref>

Today, the area along the north–south axis to the east comprises the modern city of Hebron (also called Upper Hebron, ''Khalil Foq'').<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2018 |title=The Hebron most don't see |url=https://www.jpost.com/in-jerusalem/the-hebron-most-dont-see-565554 |access-date=August 1, 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref> It was established towards the end of the Ottoman period, its inhabitants being upper and middle class Hebronites who moved there from the crowded old city, ''Balde al-Qadime'' (also called Lower Hebron, ''Khalil Takht'').<ref name="De Cesari 2009 230–233">{{harvnb|De Cesari|2009|pp=230–33}}</ref> The northern part of Upper Hebron includes some up-scale residential districts and also houses the Hebron University, private hospitals and the only two luxury hotels in the city.<ref name=":12" /> The main commercial artery of the city is located here, situated along the [[Jerusalem Road 20|Jerusalem Road]], and includes modern multi-storey shopping malls.<ref name=":12" /> Also in this area are villas and apartment complexes built on the ''krum'', rural lands and vineyards, which used to function as recreation areas during the summer months until the early Jordanian period.<ref name="De Cesari 2009 230–233" /> The southern part is where the working-class neighborhoods are located, along with large industrial zones and the [[Palestine Polytechnic University|Hebron Polytechnic University]].<ref name="De Cesari 2009 230–233" /> The main municipal and governmental buildings are located in the center of the city.<ref name=":12" /> This area includes high-rise concrete and glass developments and also some distinct Ottoman era one-storey family houses, adorned with arched entrances, decorative motifs and ironwork. Hebron's domestic appliance and textile markets are located here along two parallel roads that lead to the entrance of the old city.<ref name="De Cesari 2009 230–233" /> Many of these have been relocated from the old commercial center of the city, known as the vegetable market (''hesbe''), which was closed down by the Israeli military during the 1990s.<ref name=":12" /> The vegetable market is now located in the square of ''Bab el-Zawiye''.<ref name="De Cesari 2009 230–233" />

{{Panorama
| image = Hebron city banner.JPG
| height = 150
| caption = Panoramic view of residential area of Hebron
}}