Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Hurrian language
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==== Other moods ==== To express nuances of [[grammatical mood]], several special verb forms are used, which are derived from the indicative (non-modal) forms. Wishes and commands are formed with an [[optative]] system, whose principal characteristic is the element ''-i'', which is attached directly to the verb stem. There is no difference between the form for transitive and intransitive verbs, there being agreement with the subject of the sentence. Tense markers are unchanged in the optative. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Person ! Number ! Negation ! Ending ! Meaning |- ! rowspan="3" | 1st person ! rowspan="2" | singular ! affirmative | ''-ile'', after /l/ or /r/, ''-le'' and ''-re'' | "I want to..." |- ! negative | ''-ifalli'' | "I do not want to..." |- ! plural ! | colspan="2" | unattested |- ! rowspan="4" | 2nd person ! rowspan="2" | singular ! affirmative | ''-i'', ''-e'' | "you will ([[Imperative mood|imperative]]) |- ! negative | ''-ifa'', ''-efa'' | "you will not..." |- ! rowspan="2" | plural ! affirmative | ''-i(š)'', ''-e(š)'' | "you will..." |- ! negative | ''-ifa(š)'', ''-efa(š)'' | "you will not..." |- ! rowspan="4" | 3rd person ! rowspan="2" | singular ! affirmative | ''-ien''<sup>1</sup> | "he/she/it can..." |- ! negative | ''-ifaen''<sup>1</sup> | "he/she/it cannot..." |- ! rowspan="2" | plural ! affirmative | ''-iten''<sup>1</sup> | "may they..." |- ! negative | ''-itfaen''<sup>1</sup> | "may they not..." |} <sup>1</sup> In the optative forms of the third person, the /n/ ending is present in the Mari/Hattuša dialect when the following word begins with a consonant. The so-called final form, which is needed to express a purpose ("in order to"), has different endings. In the singular, the suffixes ''-ae'', ''-ai'', ''-ilae'' and ''-ilai'' are found, which after /l/ and /r/ become ''-lae''/''-lai'' and ''-rae''/''rai'' respectively. In the plural the same endings are used, although sometimes the plural suffix ''-ša'' is found as well, but this is not always the case. To express a possibility, the potential form must be used. For intransitive verbs, the ending is ''-ilefa'' or ''olefa'' (''-lefa'' and ''-refa'' after /l,r/), which does not need to agree with the subject. Transitive potential forms are formed with ''-illet'' and ''-allet'', which are suffixed to the normal endings of the transitive indicative forms. However, this form is only attested in Mitanni and only in the third person. The potential form is also occasionally used to express a wish. The desiderative form is used to express an urgent request. It is also only found in the third person, and only with transitive verbs. The ending for the third person singular is ''-ilanni'', and for the plural, ''-itanni''.
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)