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Hypericum perforatum
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=== Toxicity === ''Hypericum perforatum'' is [[Toxicity|toxic]] to numerous domestic animals such as cows, sheep, and horses. When these animals come into contact with the plant, usually through grazing, they develop serious symptoms. The first signs are reddening of the skin accompanied by swelling, which is followed by [[necrosis]] and [[Skin sloughing|sloughing]] of the skin. Non-[[Biological pigment|pigmented]], white skin is most affected by the poisoning, such as the nose and ears of certain breeds of sheep.<ref name="Colostate">{{Cite web |title=Guide to Poisonous Plants β College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences β Colorado State University |url=https://poisonousplants.cvmbs.colostate.edu/Plants/Details/43 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=poisonousplants.cvmbs.colostate.edu}}</ref> Young animals are more susceptible to ''H. perforatum'' poisoning, and the plant is most toxic in spring (when it is the most palatable to herbivores) and retains its toxic effects when dried in [[hay]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/pdfs/Final-WSNWCB-toxic-booklet_low_res.pdf |title=Protect Your Horses and Livestock From Toxic Plants |publisher=Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board |year=2017 |pages=49}}</ref> Additionally, affected animals will become highly [[Photosensitivity|photosensitive]], and exposure to sunlight can exacerbate their symptoms. As such, they should be moved to a dark area; administering of [[antihistamine]]s or [[anti-inflammatory]] medicines may also help alleviate the symptoms.<ref name="Colostate" />
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