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Job satisfaction
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==== Genetics ==== The influence that genetics has had on a variety of individual differences is well documented.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rowe | first1 = D. C. | year = 1987 | title = Resolving the person–situation debate: Invitation to an interdisciplinary dialogue | journal = American Psychologist | volume = 42 | issue = 3| pages = 218–227 | doi=10.1037/0003-066x.42.3.218}}</ref> Some research suggests genetics also play a role in the intrinsic, direct experiences of job satisfaction like challenge or achievement (as opposed to extrinsic, environmental factors like working conditions).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Wen-Dong |last2=Stanek |first2=Kevin C. |last3=Zhang |first3=Zhen |last4=Ones |first4=Deniz S. |last5=McGue |first5=Matt |date=November 2016 |title=Are genetic and environmental influences on job satisfaction stable over time? A three-wave longitudinal twin study. |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |language=en |volume=101 |issue=11 |pages=1598–1619 |doi=10.1037/apl0000057 |pmid=27504661 |issn=1939-1854|doi-access=free }}</ref> Notably, Arvey et al. (1989) examined job satisfaction in 34 pairs of monozygotic twins who were reared apart to test for the existence of genetic influence on job satisfaction. After correcting for age and gender, they obtained an intra-class correlation of .31. This suggests that 31% of variance in job satisfaction has a genetic basis, the estimate would be slightly larger if corrected for measurement error. They also found that evidence of genetic heritability for job characteristics, such as complexity level, motor skill requirements, and physical demands.<ref name="Job satisfaction: Environmental and"/>
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