Editing Line 1 Yonge–University (section)

===Automatic train control===
{{also|Toronto subway#Signals}}
Starting in the late 2010s, the TTC began converting its [[fixed block|fixed-block]] signal system to a [[moving block]]—based [[automatic train control]] (ATC) system on Line 1 Yonge–University at a cost of $562.3{{nbsp}}million. Work to convert the line to use ATC was completed in September 2022.<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29">{{cite web |date=September 29, 2022 |title=TTC's Line 1 now running on an ATC signalling system |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929194155/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2022/September/TTCs-Line-1-now-running-on-an-ATC-signalling-system |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]}}</ref>

The benefits of ATC are:

* a reduced headway between trains from 2.5 minutes to 2 minutes during rush hours, allowing a 25 percent increase in the number of trains that can operate<ref name="line1atc2">{{cite web |last1=Kalinowski |first1=Tess |date=November 20, 2014 |title=TTC signal solution promises subway relief someday — but for now, it's more delays |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2014/11/20/ttc_signal_solution_promises_subway_relief_someday_but_for_now_its_more_delays.html |access-date=November 29, 2015 |website=Toronto Star}}</ref>
* fewer signal-related delays relative to the old fixed-block system<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" />
* a more efficient use of electricity, thus reducing operational costs<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" />
* allowance for single-track, bidirectional operation for trains in passenger service, albeit with reduced frequency, which allow for off-hour maintenance of the opposite track<ref name="TTC-2020-04-27">{{cite web |date=April 27, 2020 |title=Line 1: Vaughan Metropolitan Centre to Pioneer Village single-track operation April 27 to 30 |url=http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/Apr_27-30_VMC-Pioneer_Village.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429185950/http://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/Apr_27-30_VMC-Pioneer_Village.jsp |archive-date=April 29, 2020 |access-date=April 29, 2020 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2022-06-04">{{cite web |title=Line 1 (Yonge-University)–Wilson to Lawrence West single track operation June 4 and 5 - REVISED |url=https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/subway-service/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Wilson-to-Lawrence-West-single-track-operation-June-4-and-5---REVISED |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605004739/https://www.ttc.ca/service-advisories/subway-service/1-Line-1-Yonge-University-Wilson-to-Lawrence-West-single-track-operation-June-4-and-5---REVISED |archive-date=June 5, 2022 |accessdate=June 4, 2022 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]]}}</ref><ref name="TTC-2022-06-05">{{cite web |title=Service alerts |url=https://www.ttc.ca/service-alerts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605213415/https://www.ttc.ca/service-alerts |archive-date=June 5, 2022 |accessdate=June 5, 2022 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |quote=Line 1: Today, trains between Wilson and Lawrence West stations will alternate use of the northbound track to accommodate work on the southbound track. Customers may experience longer than normal wait times.}}</ref>

==== History ====
In 2009, the TTC awarded a contract to [[Alstom]] to upgrade the signalling system of the existing section of Line 1, as well as equip its Toronto–York Spadina subway extension (TYSSE) into Vaughan, with [[moving block]]–based [[communications-based train control]] (CBTC) by 2012.<ref name="AlstomCBTCAward">{{cite news |last1=Vantuono |first1=William |date=May 5, 2009 |title=Alstom lands CBTC contract in Toronto |work=RailwayAge |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing |url=https://www.railwayage.com/news/alstom-lands-cbtc-contract-in-toronto/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506011052/https://www.railwayage.com/news/alstom-lands-cbtc-contract-in-toronto/ |archive-date=May 6, 2022}}</ref> The estimated cost to implement ATC on Line 1 was $562{{nbsp}}million, $424{{nbsp}}million of which was funded by Metrolinx.<ref name="line1atc2" /> 

The first section of the "Urbalis 400" ATC system on Line 1 entered revenue service on December 17, 2017, between Sheppard West and Vaughan stations, in conjunction with the opening of the extension project.<ref name="AlstomExtension">{{cite web |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Alstom's signalling system equips Toronto subway extension |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2017/12/alstoms-signalling-system-equips-toronto-subway-extension |access-date=December 8, 2018 |website=Alstom |format=Press release}}</ref> On November 4, 2017, the TTC successfully completed a 13-day test of ATC with trains using it in regular service between {{stl|TTC|Dupont}} and [[Yorkdale station|Yorkdale]] stations. At the conclusion of the test, the feature was turned off between these two stations to allow installation of ATC through the complex interchange at [[Wilson Yard]].<ref name="TheStar-2017-11-06">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2017/11/06/ttc-test-of-new-signalling-system-exceeded-expectations.html |title=TTC test of new signalling system 'exceeded expectations' |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |first=Ben |last=Spurr |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=November 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823072849/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2017/11/06/ttc-test-of-new-signalling-system-exceeded-expectations.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

ATC was permanently extended south to Dupont station on December 3, 2018;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2018/December/03_12_18NR_signal_upgrades.jsp|title=TTC completes signal upgrades between Dupont and VMC|access-date=December 7, 2018|archive-date=December 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206170759/http://ttc.ca/News/2018/December/03_12_18NR_signal_upgrades.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref> to St. Patrick station on May 12, 2019;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/May/12_05_19NR_atc_to_stpatrick.jsp|title=TTC's ATC signal upgrades extend to St Patrick Station|access-date=May 15, 2019|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515021320/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2019/May/12_05_19NR_atc_to_stpatrick.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref> to Queen station on February 24, 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/February/24_02_20NR_ATCExtended.jsp|title=TTC's new signaling system extended to Queen Station|access-date=February 26, 2020|archive-date=February 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226014009/http://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/February/24_02_20NR_ATCExtended.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref> to Rosedale station on November 21, 2020;<ref name="TTC-2020-11-23">{{cite web |url=http://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/November/23_11_20NR_ATC.jsp |title=TTC's ATC signal upgrades now extend from Vaughan Metropolitan Centre Station to Rosedale Station |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=November 23, 2020 |accessdate=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124222519/https://www.ttc.ca/News/2020/November/23_11_20NR_ATC.jsp |url-status=live }}</ref> to [[Eglinton station]] in October 2021;<ref name="TTC-2021-10-02">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/October_2-3_S-Y_B-Y.jsp |title=Line 1: Sheppard-Yonge to Bloor-Yonge full weekend closure October 2 and 3 |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |accessdate=October 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001141944/https://www.ttc.ca/Service_Advisories/Subway_closures/October_2-3_S-Y_B-Y.jsp |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and finally to [[Finch station]] on September 24, 2022.<ref name="ATC complete">{{cite news |last=Landau |first=Jack |date=September 27, 2022 |title=TTC service just got a whole lot faster and more reliable with a major project complete |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2022/09/ttc-service-faster-more-reliable-major-project-complete/ |location=Toronto, Ontario |access-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927233448/https://www.blogto.com/city/2022/09/ttc-service-faster-more-reliable-major-project-complete/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 

There was a phase 6 for fixes, improvements and enhancements, as well as an adjustment to ATC at Eglinton station to accommodate the shifting of the Line 1 platform north by {{convert|24|m}};<ref name="TTC-2022-07-ATC" />{{rp|8–9}} this was completed by May 14, 2023.<ref name="TTC-2023-05-11">{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/May/Upcoming-TTC-subway-closures-and-weekend-diversions |title=Upcoming TTC subway closures and weekend diversions |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=May 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512212914/https://www.ttc.ca/news/2023/May/Upcoming-TTC-subway-closures-and-weekend-diversions | archive-date=May 12, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Prior to September 2022, ATC was operating on 79 percent of Line 1, and the partial implementation of ATC had resulted in improvements. Trains travelled between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and Rosedale stations 3.5 minutes faster. Just prior to 2020, ATC allowed for an 8 percent increase in trains per hour, and the number of trains scheduled in southbound service in the morning peak at Bloor–Yonge station increased from 22 to 25.5 trains per hour. Signal violations decreased by approximately 50 percent from 2017 to 2020.<ref name="TTC-2022-07-ATC" />{{rp|7}}

Converting all of Line 1 to ATC required the installation of 2,000 beacons, 256 signals, and more than {{convert|1000000|ft|order=flip}} of cable.<ref name="TTC-2022-09-29" />

{{as of|2023|5|14|df=US}}, the timetable for ATC conversion on Line 1 was:<ref name="TTC-2022-07-ATC">{{cite web |url=https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2022/July-14/6_Automatic_Train_Control_Contract_Amendment.pdf |title=Automatic Train Control Contract Amendment |publisher=[[Toronto Transit Commission]] |date=July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710002703/https://ttc-cdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Project/TTC/DevProto/Documents/Home/Public-Meetings/Board/2022/July-14/6_Automatic_Train_Control_Contract_Amendment.pdf | archive-date=July 10, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|8}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Phase !! Location || Completion
|-
| 1
| [[Yorkdale station]] to [[Dupont station]]
| 2017 Q4
|-
| 2A
| [[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station]] to [[Sheppard West station]]
| 2017 Q4
|-
| 2B & 2C
| [[Wilson Yard]] interface (Sheppard West station to Yorkdale station)
| 2018 Q4
|-
| 3A
| Dupont station to [[St. Patrick station]]
| 2019 Q2
|-
| 3B
| St. Patrick station to [[Queen station]]
| 2020 Q1
|-
| 3C
| Queen station to [[Rosedale station (Toronto)|Rosedale station]]
| 2020 Q4
|-
| 4
| Rosedale station to [[Eglinton station]]
| 2021 Q3
|-
| 5
| Eglinton station to [[Finch station]]
| 2022 Q3
|-
| 6
| Adjustments to ATC<!-- called "system wide" and "deployment" in TTC ref -->
| 2023 Q2
|}