Editing Minivan (section)

== Asia ==

=== Japan ===
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2022}}
{{Multiple image
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| image1            = Nissan Prairie 1982 Sawston.JPG
| caption1          = 1982 [[Nissan Prairie]]
| image2            = 1998-2000 Honda Odyssey van (2011-03-10) 01.jpg
| caption2          = 2000 [[Honda Odyssey (international)|Honda Odyssey]]
| image3            = 2023 Toyota Alphard Hybrid (AH40) 1.jpg
| caption3          = 2023 [[Toyota Alphard]]
}}

In Japan, the classification is known as {{nihongo|"minivan"|ミニバン|Miniban|lead=yes}} and defined by its three-row seating capacity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=トヨタのミニバン |trans-title=Toyota minivans |url=https://toyota.jp/information/minivan/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=toyota.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=【2022年】ミニバンおすすめ人気15選｜価格・スペック比較｜Motor-Fan[モーターファン] |trans-title=[2022] 15 Recommended Popular Minivans {{!}} Price / Spec Comparison |url= https://car.motor-fan.jp/article/10016929 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=car.motor-fan.jp}}</ref>

Before the birth of minivans with modern form factors, tall wagon-type vehicles with large seating capacity in Japan were known as light vans. They commonly adopted [[Mid-engine design|mid-engine]], [[cab over]] design, and rear-wheel drive layout with one-box form factor. Examples included the [[Toyota TownAce]], [[Toyota HiAce]], [[Nissan Vanette]], [[Mitsubishi Delica]] and [[Mazda Bongo]]. These vehicles were based on commercial vehicles, which created a gap compared to sedans regarding ride quality and luxury.<ref name="DM">{{cite web |date=2014-01-31 |title=ミニバン文化の発展（1994年）|trans-title=Development of minivan culture (1994) |url= https://gazoo.com/feature/gazoo-museum/car-history/14/01/31_1/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=gazoo.com |language=ja}}</ref>

The [[Nissan Prairie]], released in 1982, is considered the first Japanese compact minivan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=交通タイムス社 |title=ミニバンのルーツは乗用車の派生モデル！欧州では戦前より登場 |trans-title=The roots of the minivan are derivative models of passenger cars! Appeared in Europe before the war |url=https://www.automesseweb.jp/2019/08/19/194774 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=automesseweb.jp |date=19 August 2019 |language=ja}}</ref> Derived closely from a compact sedan, the Prairie was marketed as a "boxy sedan", configured with sliding doors, folding rear seats, and a lifting rear hatch.<ref name="DM" /> The [[Mitsubishi Chariot]] adopted nearly the same form factor, instead using wagon-style front-hinged doors.

In 1990, Toyota introduced the [[Toyota Estima]] in Japan, which carried over the mid-engine configuration of the TownAce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-10 |title=日本ミニバン界の始祖 初代エスティマが起こした革命 |trans-title=The revolution caused by the first Estima, the founder of the Japanese minivan world |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/feature/245401 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Schefler |first1=Jim |date=September 1983 |title=Toyota's mini-van |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NbgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA123 |magazine=Popular Science |volume=223 |issue=3 |page=123 |access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref> Along with its highly rounded exterior, the Estima was distinguished by its nearly panoramic window glass.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-21 |title=【エスティマ、オデッセイ…他】時代を変えた個性派「名」ミニバン6選 |trans-title=[Estima, Odyssey ... etc.] 6 unique minivans that changed the times |url=https://bestcarweb.jp/news/entame/136160 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 |language=ja}}</ref>  The Estima was redesigned in 2000, adopting a front-wheel drive layout and offered with a [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] powertrain since 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |last=交通タイムス社 |date=2020-05-09 |title=数多くのモデルが誕生！ トヨタ・グランエースへ続くトヨタが生み出したミニバンの歴史を辿る |trans-title=Many models are born! Tracing the history of Toyota-created minivans following the Toyota Granace |url= https://www.webcartop.jp/2020/05/524654/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=webcartop.jp |language=ja}}</ref>  In 2002, Toyota introduced the [[Toyota Alphard]] which was developed as a luxury-oriented model.
In 2020, Lexus introduced their first [[luxury car|luxury]] minivan, the [[Lexus LM]], produced with varying degrees of relation with the Toyota Alphard/Vellfire. The LM designation stands for "Luxury Mover".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexus LM luxury MPV fully revealed ahead of UK launch |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/lexus-lm-luxury-mpv-fully-revealed-ahead-uk-launch |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarne |first=V. Vernon B. |title=The Lexus Luxury Mover makes a lot of motoring sense |url=https://visor.ph/cars/the-lexus-luxury-mover-makes-a-lot-of-motoring-sense/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=visor.ph |language=en}}</ref>

Nissan introduced the [[Nissan Serena]] in 1991 and the [[Nissan Elgrand]] in 1997.

In 1995, Honda entered the minivan segment by introducing the [[Honda Odyssey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ホンダ「オデッセイ」が27年の歴史に幕！「ミニバン」ブームの火付け役が残した功績とは |url=https://kuruma-news.jp/post/451096 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=くるまのニュース |date=4 December 2021 |language=ja}}</ref>  The Odyssey was designed with front-hinged doors and as derived from the Honda Accord. It came with advantages such as sedan-like driving dynamics and a lower floor to allow for easy access.<ref name="DM" /> In a design feature that would become widely adopted by other manufacturers, the Odyssey introduced a rear seat that folded flat into the floor (replacing a removable rear seat). The Odyssey evolved into a low-roof, estate-like minivan until 2013, when it adopted a high-roof body with rear sliding doors.<ref>{{cite web |title=消えちゃいけないオデッセイが５代目にして消滅！ ミニバン市場をけん引した偉大なる１台の歴史とは {{!}} goo - 自動車 |trans-title=The Odyssey that cannot disappear for the 5th generation! What is the history of one great car that drove the minivan market? |url= https://autos.goo.ne.jp/news/webcartop-826170/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=goo自動車&バイク |language=ja}}</ref>  Honda also produced the [[Honda Stepwgn]] mid-size MPV since 1996, which is designed with a higher cabin and narrow width, and the [[Honda Stream]] since 2000 to slot below the Odyssey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ミニバンとは？ 他にはないミニバンの良さや最新人気車種をご紹介！（WEB CARTOP） |url= https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/8852491d96bc326df2c42b1d9c6d1e6bbe394c0c |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-12-06 |title=第38回：ミニバン文化の発展 広さと走りの両立に挑んだ25年 |trans-title=Development of minivan culture 25 years of striving to achieve both wideness and driving |url= https://www.webcg.net/articles/-/39948 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=webcg.net |language=ja}}</ref>

In 2020, minivans made up 20.8% of total automobile sales in Japan, behind SUVs and compact hatchbacks, making it one of the largest minivan markets in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=SUVのシェアがミニバン超えの3割に！ 勢力図が大変化した新車市場の今とは!?{{!}}コラム【MOTA】 |trans-title=The share of SUVs exceeds 30% of minivans! What is the current state of the new car market, where the power map has changed dramatically? |url= https://autoc-one.jp/honda/vezel/special-5010288/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=autoc-one.jp MOTA（旧オートックワン） |language=ja}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
In South Korea, both the terms "minivan" and "MPV" are used.<ref name="IC">{{cite web |date=2021-07-28 |title=여름 휴가의 이상적인 동반자, 국내서 만날 수 있는 MPV 6종 |trans-title=The ideal companion for summer vacation, 6 MPVs that you can meet in Korea |url= https://www.motoya.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=33759 |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=motoya.co.kr 모토야 |language=ko}}</ref> The [[Kia Carnival]] (also sold the Kia Sedona) was introduced in 1998 with dual sliding doors. Sharing its configuration with the Honda Odyssey, the [[Hyundai Trajet]] was sold from 1999 to 2008. Introduced in 2004, the [[SsangYong Rodius]] is the highest-capacity minivan, seating up to 11 passengers. It was discontinued in 2019.

Current minivans marketed in South Korea are the Kia Carnival and Hyundai Staria, along with imported options such as the Toyota Sienna (originally for North America) and later generations of Honda Odyssey.<ref name="IC" />

=== China ===
[[File:BUICK GL8 CENTURY (BUICK GL8 FOURTH GENENRATION) China.jpg|thumb|right|[[Buick GL8 Century]]]][[File:Zeekr 009 014.jpg|thumb|right|[[Zeekr 009]]]]
In 1999, [[Shanghai GM]] commenced production of the [[Buick GL8]] minivan, derived from a minivan platform designed by GM in the United States. After two generations of production, the GL8 is the final minivan produced by General Motors or its joint ventures today. It remained dominant in the high-end minivan segment of the market.<ref name="SC">{{cite web |title=〈威尔〉赛那"姊妹车"来了，还会继续走"加价"路线吗『皇冠』？_新能源市场_零排放智能汽车网 |url=http://www.0car.top/xnynews/xnysc/2022/0223/410341.html |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=0car.top}}</ref>

Sales of minivans in China increased rapidly in 2015 and 2016 when the Chinese government lifted the [[one-child policy]] in favor of the [[two-child policy]], which pushed customer preference toward three-row vehicles in anticipation of a larger family. In 2016, 2,497,543 minivans were sold in China, a major increase from 2012, which recorded 936,232 sales. However, sales volume has shrunk ever since, with only 1,082,028 minivans sold in the domestic market in 2021 (4.1% of the total car market), around 720,000 of which were sold by domestic manufacturers.<ref name="SC" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese-owned MPV brands see decline in market share - China.org.cn |url= http://www.china.org.cn/business/2022-02/14/content_78046561.htm?f=pad&a=true |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=china.org.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=China: passenger car sales by model 2021 |url= https://www.statista.com/statistics/281169/china-passenger-car-sales-by-model/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=statista.com}}</ref>
<!-- In August 2022, [[Zeekr]] introduced the [[Zeekr 009]] [[electric car|electric]] minivan,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/09/zeekr-009-is-a-new-electric-mpv-for-the-chinese-car-market/|title=Zeekr 009 Is A New Electric MPV For The Chinese Car Market|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Tycho|last=de Feijter|date=9 August 2022|accessdate=27 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220920063845/https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/09/zeekr-009-is-a-new-electric-mpv-for-the-chinese-car-market/ |url-status=live}}</ref> deliveries of the 009 began in the first quarter of 2023 in China.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=ZEEKR 001's monthly deliveries hit new high in Aug. 2022 |url= https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70021179.html#:~:text=Chinese%20power%20battery%20titan%20CATL,%2Dto%2Dpack)%20technology.&text=The%20first%20model%20with%20Qilin,the%20first%20quarter%20of%202023. |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220927220737/https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70021179.html#:~:text=Chinese%20power%20battery%20titan%20CATL,%2Dto%2Dpack)%20technology.&text=The%20first%20model%20with%20Qilin,the%20first%20quarter%20of%202023. |archive-date=27 September 2022 |accessdate=27 September 2022 |website=Gasgoo}}</ref>
The Zeekr 009 has two electric motors that produce a total output of {{cvt|400|kW|hp PS|0}} and is the first vehicle to use [[CATL]]'s Qilin cell-to-pack battery.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bobylev |first=Denis |date=5 September 2022 |title=Zeekr 009 Electric MPV Interior Spied In China |url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/05/zeekr-009-electric-mpv-interior-spied-in-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916210215/https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/05/zeekr-009-electric-mpv-interior-spied-in-china/ |archive-date=16 September 2022 |accessdate=27 September 2022 |website=CarNewsChina.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Doll |first=Scooter |date=29 August 2022 |title=CATL's energy dense Qilin batteries one-up the 4680 cell and will debut in the ZEEKR 009 |url=https://electrek.co/2022/08/29/catl-qilin-batteries-zeekr-009-001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924041334/https://electrek.co/2022/08/29/catl-qilin-batteries-zeekr-009-001/ |archive-date=24 September 2022 |accessdate=27 September 2022}}</ref> Zeekr claims the 009 is able to accelerate {{cvt|0-100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 4.5&nbsp;seconds, with a top speed of {{cvt|190|kph|mph}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/11/zeekr-009-is-a-534-hp-electric-mpv-from-china/|title=Zeekr 009 Is A 534 HP Electric MPV From China|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Tycho|last=de Feijter|date=11 August 2022|accessdate=17 September 2022|archive-date=18 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818175147/https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/11/zeekr-009-is-a-534-hp-electric-mpv-from-china/|url-status=live}}</ref> -->

The [[Denza D9]] introduced in 16 May 2022 in China,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rainford |first=Mark |date=2022-05-16 |title=BYD-Mercedes Backed Denza D9 Electric MPV Officially Launched in China |url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/05/16/byd-mercedes-backed-denza-d9-mpv-officially-launched-in-china/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=CarNewsChina}}</ref> Sales for the Chinese market were commenced in 23 August 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Yichao |date=2022-08-23 |title=售价32.98-45.98万元 腾势D9正式上市 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202208/1259600.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Autohome |language=zh-CN}}</ref> with the first units rolling out in 21 October 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhouyi |date=2022-10-21 |title=陆续交付 腾势D9首台量产车完成下线 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202210/1267821.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Autohome |language=zh-CN}}</ref> while deliveries began in 25 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xing |first=Yueyang |date=2022-10-25 |title=终于等到你 腾势D9今日正式开启交付 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202210/1268336.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Autohome |language=zh-CN}}</ref> It made its global debut in Thailand on March 2023 at the [[Bangkok International Motor Show|44th Bangkok International Motor Show]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-03-23 |title=DENZA D9 EV |url=https://bims44.motorshow.in.th/byd-highlight-denza-d9-ev/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=BIMS44th - The 44th Bangkok International Motor Show |language=th}}</ref>

In August 2022, [[Zeekr]] introduced the [[Zeekr 009]] [[electric car|electric]] minivan,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/09/zeekr-009-is-a-new-electric-mpv-for-the-chinese-car-market/|title=Zeekr 009 Is A New Electric MPV For The Chinese Car Market|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Tycho|last=de Feijter|date=9 August 2022|accessdate=27 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220920063845/https://carnewschina.com/2022/08/09/zeekr-009-is-a-new-electric-mpv-for-the-chinese-car-market/ |url-status=live}}</ref> deliveries of the 009 began in the first quarter of 2023 in China.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=ZEEKR 001's monthly deliveries hit new high in Aug. 2022 |url= https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70021179.html#:~:text=Chinese%20power%20battery%20titan%20CATL,%2Dto%2Dpack)%20technology.&text=The%20first%20model%20with%20Qilin,the%20first%20quarter%20of%202023. |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220927220737/https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70021179.html#:~:text=Chinese%20power%20battery%20titan%20CATL,%2Dto%2Dpack)%20technology.&text=The%20first%20model%20with%20Qilin,the%20first%20quarter%20of%202023. |archive-date=27 September 2022 |accessdate=27 September 2022 |website=Gasgoo}}</ref>

On November 17, 2023 , [[XPENG]] officially showcased the [[XPeng X9]], it sits on the SEPA 2.0 platform with three rows and 7 seats in a setup of 2-2-3. The drag coefficient is 0.227{{Nbsp}}C<sub>d</sub>. The XPeng X9 battery options include a 84.5 kWh [[LFP battery|lithium iron phosphate (LFP)]] battery pack supplied by [[EVE Energy|Eve Energy]] and a 101.5 kWh [[NMC battery|ternary NMC]] battery pack from [[CALB]]. The XPeng X9's SEPA 2.0 platform supports 800V charging enabling adding {{Convert|300.|km|mi|abbr=unit}} of range within 10 minutes of charging time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2024/01/04/innovative-new-xpeng-x9-huge-hit-or-trickle-sales/|title=Innovative New XPENG X9 — Huge Hit Or Trickle Sales?|language=en|newspaper=cleantechnica.com|date=2024-01-13|accessdate=2024-07-13}}</ref>

The [[Li Mega]] introduced in November 2023 at the [[Auto Guangzhou]], where pre-orders were accepted. The minivan is notable for its distinctive exterior design, which contributes in [[aerodynamics]] with a [[wind resistance]] drag coefficient of just 0.215 [[Drag coefficient|Cd]], the lowest among [[multi-purpose vehicle]]s (MPVs) globally currently in production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang/CnEVPost |first=Phate |date=2023-11-17 |title=Li Auto officially unveils its 1st BEV Li Mega and starts pre-sales |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/11/17/li-auto-unveils-mega-starts-pre-sales/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lixiang.com/mega#MEGA|date=2023-12-13 |title=理想MEGA|quote=Cd0.215来源于中国汽研空气动力学风洞测试；基于2023年11月7日前量产车公开公示信息，Cd0.215打破了量产MPV风阻系数纪录 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Li Auto |language=zh-CN}}</ref>

=== Indonesia ===
The MPV segment is the most popular passenger car segment in Indonesia, with a market share of 40 percent in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-04-02 |title=Automotive Manufacturing Industry Indonesia |url=https://www.indonesia-investments.com/business/industries-sectors/automotive-industry/item6047 |website=indonesia-investments.com  |location=Netherlands |access-date=2022-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2018-01-21 |title=Gaikindo reveals five popular car brands in Indonesia in 2017 |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/01/20/gaikindo-reveals-five-popular-car-brands-in-indonesia-in-2017.html |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |location=Indonesia |access-date=2022-02-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elvira |first=Vina |date=2021-11-04 |title=Pangsa pasar segmen MPV capai 40%, ini kata Gaikindo |url=https://newssetup.kontan.co.id/news/pangsa-pasar-segmen-mpv-capai-40-ini-kata-gaikindo |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=newssetup.kontan.co.id |language=id}}</ref>

=== India ===
The category is commonly known as '''multi utility vehicle (MUV)''' or MPV.<ref>{{cite web |title=MUV Cars |url= https://www.zigwheels.com/newcars/best-MUV-cars |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=zigwheels.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MPV Cars in India |url= https://www.autocarindia.com/cars/mpv-cars-in-india |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=autocarindia.com}}</ref> In [[Fiscal year#India|fiscal year]] 2020, the sales volume of the segment totaled 283,583 vehicles, or 10.3% of industry total.<ref>{{cite web |last=Punditz |first=Team Auto |date=2020-04-08 |title=MUV Sales in India for FY2020 |url= https://www.autopunditz.com/post/muv-sales-in-india-for-fy2020 |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=autopunditz.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Punditz |first=Team Auto |date=2020-04-04 |title=FY2020 Car Sales in India – Snapshot |url=https://www.autopunditz.com/post/fy2020-car-sales-in-india-snapshot |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=autopunditz.com |language=en}}</ref>