Editing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (section)

=== PSY-5 (Personality Psychopathology Five) scales ===

The PSY-5 is set of scales measuring dimensional traits of personality disorders, originally developed from factor analysis of the personality disorder content of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders''.<ref name="Harkness 1995">Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1995). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Constructs and MMPI-2 scales. ''Psychological Assessment, 7'', 104.</ref> Originally, these scales were titled: Aggressiveness, Psychoticism, Constraint, Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, and Positive Emotionality/Extraversion;<ref name="Harkness 1995" /> however, in the most current edition of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF, the Constraint and Positive Emotionality scales have been reversed and renamed as Disconstraint and Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality.<ref name="UPress: MMPI-2 Scales">{{cite web|title=MMPI-2 Scales|url=http://www.upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2-scales|website=University of Minnesota Press|access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref>

Across several large samples including clinical, college, and normative populations, the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales showed moderate internal consistency and intercorrelations comparable with the domain scales on the NEO-PI-R Big Five personality measure.<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> Also, scores on the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales appear to be similar across genders,<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> and the structure of the PSY-5 has been reproduced in a Dutch psychiatric sample.<ref>Egger, J. I., De Mey, H. R., Derksen, J. J., & van der Staak, C. P. (2003). Cross-cultural replication of the five-factor model and comparison of the NEO-PI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales in a Dutch psychiatric sample. ''Psychological Assessment, 15'', 81.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Abbr. !! Scale Name !! Description
|-
| AGGR || Aggressiveness || Measures an individual's tendency towards overt and instrumental aggression that typically includes a sense of grandiosity and a desire for power<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> 
|-
| PSYC || Psychoticism || Measures the accuracy of an individual's inner representation of objective reality,<ref name="Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF">{{cite book|last1=Ben-Porath|first1=Yossef|title=Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF|date=2012|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|pages=126–129}}</ref> often associated with ''perceptual aberration'' and ''magical ideation''<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> 
|-
| DISC || Disconstraint || Measures an individual's level of control over their own impulses, physical risk aversion, and traditionalism<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> 
|-
| NEGE || Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism || Measures an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions, particularly anxiety and worry<ref name="Harkness 1995"/> 
|-
| INTR || Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality || Measures an individual's tendency to experience positive emotions and have enjoyment from social experiences<ref name="Harkness 1995"/>
|}