Editing Musical notation (section)

==Other systems and practices==

===Cipher notation===
[[File:AmazingGraceNumberedMusicalNotation.png|right|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Amazing Grace]] in numbered notation.]]
{{Main|Numbered musical notation}}
Cipher notation systems assigning Arabic numerals to the [[major scale]] degrees have been used at least since the Iberian organ tablatures of the 16th-century and include such exotic adaptations as ''[[Siffernotskrift]]''. The one most widely in use today is the Chinese ''Jianpu'', discussed in the [[Numbered musical notation|main article]]. Numerals can also be assigned to different scale systems, as in the Javanese ''[[kepatihan]]'' notation [[#Indonesia|described above]].

===Solfège===
{{Main|Solfège}}
Solfège is a way of assigning syllables to names of the musical scale. In order, they are today: ''Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do{{'}}'' (for the octave). The classic variation is: ''Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do{{'}}''. The first Western system of functional names for the musical notes was introduced by [[Guido of Arezzo]] (c. 991 – after 1033), using the beginning syllables of the first six musical lines of the Latin hymn [[Ut queant laxis]]. The original sequence was ''Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La'', where each verse started a scale note higher. "Ut" later became "Do". The equivalent syllables used in Indian music are: ''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni''. See also: [[solfège]], [[swara|sargam]], [[Kodály method#Hand signs|Kodály hand signs]].

[[Tonic sol-fa]] is a type of notation using the initial letters of solfège.

===Letter notation===
{{Main|Letter notation}}
The notes of the 12-tone scale can be written by their letter names A–G, possibly with a trailing [[Accidental (music)|accidental]], such as A{{music|sharp}} or B{{Music|flat}}.

====ABC====
[[ABC notation]] is a compact format using plain text characters, readable by computers and by humans. More than 100,000 tunes are now transcribed in this format.<ref>{{Cite web |title=abc |url=http://www.music-notation.info/en/formats/abc.html |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=www.music-notation.info}}</ref>

===Tablature===
{{Main|Tablature}}
Tablature was first used in the [[Medieval music|Middle Ages]] for organ music and later in the [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] for [[lute]] music.{{sfnp|Apel|1961|pp=xxiii, 22}} In most lute tablatures, a staff is used, but instead of pitch values, the lines of the staff represent the strings of the instrument. The [[fret]]s to finger are written on each line, indicated by letters or numbers. Rhythm is written separately with one or another variation of standard note values indicating the duration of the fastest moving part. Few seem to have remarked on the fact that tablature combines in one notation system both the physical and technical requirements of play (the lines and symbols on them and in relation to each other representing the actual performance actions) with the unfolding of the music itself (the lines of tablature taken horizontally represent the actual temporal unfolding of the music). In later periods, lute and guitar music was written with standard notation. Tablature caught interest again in the late 20th century for popular [[guitar]] music and other fretted instruments, being easy to transcribe and share over the internet in [[ASCII tab|ASCII format]].

===Piano-roll-based notations===
Some chromatic systems have been created taking advantage of the layout of black and white keys of the standard piano keyboard. The "staff" is most widely referred to as "[[Piano roll#In digital audio workstations|piano roll]]", created by extending the black and white piano keys.

====Klavar notation====
{{Main|Klavarskribo}}
{{lang|eo|Klavarskribo}} (sometimes shortened to '''klavar''') is a music notation system that was introduced in 1931 by the [[Netherlands|Dutchman]] Cornelis Pot. The name means "keyboard writing" in [[Esperanto]]. It differs from conventional music notation in a number of ways and is intended to be easily readable. Many klavar readers are from the Netherlands.

===Chromatic staff notations===
Over the past three centuries, hundreds of music notation systems have been proposed as alternatives to traditional western music notation. Many of these systems seek to improve upon traditional notation by using a "chromatic staff" in which each of the 12 pitch classes has its own unique place on the staff. An example is Jacques-Daniel Rochat's [[Dodeka music notation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dodekamusic.com/|title=Dodeka: the fastest way to learn to play music|website=Dodeka Music}}</ref>{{sfnp|Rochat|2018}} These notation systems do not require the use of standard key signatures, accidentals, or clef signs. They also represent interval relationships more consistently and accurately than traditional notation, e.g. major 3rds appear wider than minor 3rds. Many of these systems are described and illustrated in Gardner Read's "Source Book of Proposed Music Notation Reforms".

===Graphic notation===
{{Main|Graphic notation (music)}}
The term 'graphic notation' refers to the contemporary use of non-traditional symbols and text to convey information about the performance of a piece of music. Composers such as [[Johanna Beyer]]. [[Christian Wolff (composer)|Christian Wolff]], [[Carmen Barradas]], [[Earle Brown]], [[Yoko Ono]], [[Anthony Braxton]], [[John Cage]], [[Morton Feldman]], [[Cathy Berberian]], [[Graciela Castillo]], [[Krzysztof Penderecki]], [[Cornelius Cardew]], [[Pauline Oliveros]] and [[Roger Reynolds]] are among the early generation of practitioners. The book [[Notations]], by John Cage and [[Alison Knowles]], is another example of this kind of notation.

===Simplified music notation===
{{Main|Simplified music notation}}
[[Simplified Music Notation]] is an alternative form of musical notation designed to make [[sight reading|sight-reading]] easier. It is based on [[modern musical symbols|classical staff notation]], but incorporates [[sharp (music)|sharps]] and [[flat (music)|flats]] into the shape of the [[note heads]]. [[Musical note|Note]]s such as [[sharp (music)|double sharps]] and [[flat (music)|double flats]] are written at the [[pitch (music)|pitch]] they are actually played at, but preceded by [[symbol]]s called ''history signs'' that show they have been [[transposition (music)|transposed]].

===Modified Stave Notation===
{{Main|Modified Stave Notation}}
[[Modified Stave Notation]] (MSN) is an alternative way of notating music for people who cannot easily read ordinary musical notation even if it is enlarged.

===Parsons code===
{{Main|Parsons code}}
Parsons code is used to encode music so that it can be easily searched.

===Braille music===
{{Main|Braille music}}
Braille music is a complete, well developed, and internationally accepted musical notation system that has symbols and notational conventions quite independent of print music notation. It is linear in nature, similar to a printed language and different from the two-dimensional nature of standard printed music notation. To a degree Braille music resembles musical markup languages<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musicmarkup.info/scope/markuplanguages.html |title=musicmarkup.info |access-date=1 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624055626/http://musicmarkup.info/scope/markuplanguages.html |archive-date=24 June 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> such as [[MusicXML]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Darin |date=1 December 2003 |url=http://emusician.com/ar/emusic_xml_music/ |title=XML for Music |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926232651/http://emusician.com/ar/emusic_xml_music/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 September 2011 |website=emusician.com}}</ref> or [[Notation Interchange File Format|NIFF]].

===Integer notation===
In [[integer notation]], or the [[integer]] model of pitch, all [[pitch class]]es and [[interval (music)|interval]]s between pitch classes are designated using the numbers 0 through 11.

===Rap notation===
The standard form of rap notation is the "flow diagram", where rappers line up their lyrics underneath "beat numbers".{{sfnp|Edwards|2009|p=67}} Hip-hop scholars also make use of the same flow diagrams that rappers use: the books ''How to Rap'' and ''How to Rap 2'' extensively use the diagrams to explain rap's triplets, flams, rests, rhyme schemes, runs of rhyme, and breaking rhyme patterns, among other techniques.{{sfnp|Edwards|2013|p=53}} Similar systems are used by musicologists Adam Krims in his book ''Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity''{{sfnp|Krims|2001|pp=59–60}} and Kyle Adams in his work on rap's flow.{{sfnp|Adams|2009}} As rap usually revolves around a strong 4/4 beat,{{sfnp|Edwards|2009|p=69}} with certain syllables aligned to the beat, all the notational systems have a similar structure: they all have four beat numbers at the top of the diagram, so that syllables can be written in-line with the beat.{{sfnp|Edwards|2009|p=69}}

===Tin Whistle Fingering Charts===

It is being used for six-hole woodwind instruments, basically for Irish folk songs. Tin whistle tabs are particularly useful for those unfamiliar with sheet music notation.