Editing Non-coding RNA (section)

===Autism===

The chromosomal locus containing the [[small nucleolar RNA SNORD115]] gene cluster has been duplicated in approximately 5% of individuals with [[autism|autistic traits]].<ref name="pmid15318025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bolton PF, Veltman MW, Weisblatt E, Holmes JR, Thomas NS, Youings SA, Thompson RJ, Roberts SE, Dennis NR, Browne CE, Goodson S, Moore V, Brown J | display-authors = 6 | title = Chromosome 15q11-13 abnormalities and other medical conditions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Psychiatric Genetics | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 131–137 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15318025 | doi = 10.1097/00041444-200409000-00002 | s2cid = 37344935 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18923514">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cook EH, Scherer SW | title = Copy-number variations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions | journal = Nature | volume = 455 | issue = 7215 | pages = 919–923 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18923514 | doi = 10.1038/nature07458 | s2cid = 4377899 | bibcode = 2008Natur.455..919C }}</ref>  A mouse model engineered to have a duplication of the SNORD115 cluster displays autistic-like behaviour.<ref name="pmid19563756">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakatani J, Tamada K, Hatanaka F, Ise S, Ohta H, Inoue K, Tomonaga S, Watanabe Y, Chung YJ, Banerjee R, Iwamoto K, Kato T, Okazawa M, Yamauchi K, Tanda K, Takao K, Miyakawa T, Bradley A, Takumi T | display-authors = 6 | title = Abnormal behavior in a chromosome-engineered mouse model for human 15q11-13 duplication seen in autism | journal = Cell | volume = 137 | issue = 7 | pages = 1235–1246 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19563756 | pmc = 3710970 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.024 }}</ref> A recent small study of post-mortem brain tissue demonstrated altered expression of long non-coding RNAs in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of autistic brains as compared to controls.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ziats MN, Rennert OM | title = Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs in autistic brain | journal = Journal of Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 589–593 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 22949041 | pmc = 3566384 | doi = 10.1007/s12031-012-9880-8 }}</ref>