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Old English
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=== Modern === In modern scholarship, the following dictionaries remain current: * [[Angus Cameron (academic)|Cameron, Angus]], et al. (ed.) (1983β). ''[[Dictionary of Old English]]''. Toronto: Published for the Dictionary of Old English Project, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto by the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies. Initially issued on microfiche and subsequently as a CD-ROM, the dictionary is now primarily published online at [https://www.doe.utoronto.ca/ https://www.doe.utoronto.ca]. This generally supersedes previous dictionaries where available. As of September 2018, the dictionary covered A-I. * [[Bosworth, Joseph]] and [[T. Northcote Toller]]. (1898). ''[[An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]]''. Oxford: Clarendon. The main research dictionary for Old English, unless superseded by the ''Dictionary of Old English''. Various digitisations are available open-access, including at [http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/ http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/]. Due to errors and omissions in the 1898 publication, this needs to be read in conjunction with: ** T. Northcote Toller. (1921). ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Supplement''. Oxford: Clarendon. ** Alistair Campbell (1972). ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: Enlarged addenda and corrigenda''. Oxford: Clarendon. * [[Clark Hall, J. R.]] (1969). ''A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary''. 4th rev. edn by Herbet D. Meritt. Cambridge University Press. Occasionally more accurate than Bosworth-Toller, and widely used as a reading dictionary. Various digitisations are available, including [https://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oe_clarkhall_about.html here]. * Roberts, Jane and [[Christian Kay]], with Lynne Grundy, ''A Thesaurus of Old English in Two Volumes'', Costerus New Series, 131β32, 2nd rev. impression, 2 vols (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000), also available [https://oldenglishthesaurus.arts.gla.ac.uk/ online]. A thesaurus based on the definitions in Bosworth-Toller and the structure of ''[[Roget's Thesaurus]]''. Though focused on later periods, the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', ''[[Middle English Dictionary]]'', ''[[Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue]]'', and ''[[Historical Thesaurus of English]]'' all also include material relevant to Old English.
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