Editing Packet switching (section)

==== EIN {{Anchor|European Informatics Network}} ====
The European Informatics Network (EIN), originally called COST 11, was a project beginning in 1971 to link networks in Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland and [[Euratom]]. Six other European countries also participated in the research on network protocols. Derek Barber directed the project, and [[Roger Scantlebury]] led the UK technical contribution; both were from [[National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|NPL]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barber|first=D L.|date=1975|title=Cost project 11|journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review|language=EN|volume=5|issue=3|pages=12–15|doi=10.1145/1015667.1015669|s2cid=28994436|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Scantlebury|first=Roger|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3EaeBQAAQBAJ|title=Communications Standards: State of the Art Report|publisher=Pergamon|year=1986|isbn=978-1-4831-6093-1|editor-last=Stokes|editor-first=A. V.|pages=203–216|language=en|chapter=X.25 - past, present and future}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/networking/19/375/2062|title=EIN (European Informatics Network)|website=Computer History Museum|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=European cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research (COST), 1971- |url=https://cordis.europa.eu/programme/id/IC-COST/fr}}</ref> The contract for its implementation was awarded to an Anglo French consortium led by the UK systems house [[Logica]] and Sesa and managed by [[Andrew Karney]]. Work began in 1973 and it became operational in 1976 including nodes linking the [[NPL network]] and [[CYCLADES]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abbate|first=Janet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2BdY6WQo4AC&pg=PA125|title=Inventing the Internet|date=2000|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-51115-5|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> Barber proposed and implemented a mail protocol for EIN.<ref>Barber, D. L. A. and Laws, J.  (February 1979). “A basic mail scheme for EIN,” International Network Working Group (INWG), Note no. 192.</ref> The transport protocol of the EIN helped to launch the [[International Network Working Group|INWG]] and X.25 protocols.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Davies|first=Donald Watts|url=https://archive.org/details/computernetworks00davi|url-access=registration|title=Computer networks and their protocols|date=1979|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|pages=[https://archive.org/details/computernetworks00davi/page/464 464]|isbn=9780471997504}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hardy|first1=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRhHPINWo2AC&pg=PT526|title=Networks: Internet, Telephony, Multimedia: Convergences and Complementarities|last2=Malleus|first2=Guy|date=2002|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-00559-9|pages=505|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Derek Barber |title=The Origins of Packet Switching |url=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res05.htm#f |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Computer Resurrection Issue 5 |quote=I actually set up the first meeting between John Wedlake of the British Post Office and [Rémi Després] of the French PTT which led to X25. There was a problem about virtual calls in EIN, so I called this meeting and that actually did in the end lead to X25.}}</ref> EIN was replaced by [[#Euronet|Euronet]] in 1979.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beauchamp|first=K. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbyrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|title=Interlinking of Computer Networks: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Bonas, France, August 28 – September 8, 1978|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-009-9431-7|pages=55|language=en}}</ref>