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Pro-drop language
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====Portuguese==== Portuguese displays full pro-drop by allowing subjects of finite clauses to be phonetically null:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barbosa |first1=Pilar P. |title=Pro-drop and theories of pro in the minimalist program part 1: Consistent null subject languages and the pronominal-agr hypothesis |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |date=2011 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=551–570 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00293.x}}</ref> {{interlinear|indent=3 |Chegaram. |arrived-3PL |‘They have arrived.’}} Provided this example, it is important to note that variations of Portuguese can differ with respect to their pro-drop features. While European Portuguese (EP) is a full pro-drop language, Brazilian Portuguese (BP) exhibits partial pro-drop. The two are compared below, respectively: Examples of omitted subject: {{interlinear|indent=3 |Estás a ver este tronco? Seria bom para a fogueira. Secou completamente.|c1=(European Portuguese) |Are to see this log? {Would be} good for the campfire. Dried completely |(Do) ('''you''') see this log? ('''It''') would be good for the campfire. ('''It''') has completely dried.}} {{interlinear|indent=3 |Está(s) vendo esse tronco? Seria bom pra fogueira. Secou completamente.|c1=(Brazilian Portuguese) |Are seeing this log? {Would be} good for-the campfire. Dried completely |(Do) ('''you''') see this log? ('''It''') would be good for the campfire. ('''It''') has completely dried. }} Omission of object pronouns is likewise possible when the referent is clear, especially in colloquial or informal language: {{interlinear|indent=3 |Acho que ele vai rejeitar a proposta, mas pode aceitar. |Think that he goes (to-)reject the proposal, but may accept. |('''I''') think he is going to turn down the proposal, but ('''he''') may accept ('''it''').}} {{interlinear|indent=3 |Ainda tem macarrão? Não, papai comeu. |Still {is there} pasta? No, daddy ate. |Is there pasta left? No, daddy ate ('''it''').}} The use of the object pronoun in these examples (''aceitá-la'', ''comeu-o'') is the default everywhere but Brazil. {{interlinear|indent=3 |Ela me procurou ontem e não achou. |She me sought yesterday and not found. |She looked for me yesterday and didn't find ('''me''').}} Here ''não me achou'' would also be possible. {{interlinear|indent=3 |A: Eu te amo; você também me ama? B: Amo, sim. |{{no gloss|A}}: I you love; you too me love? {{no gloss|B}}: Love-1sg, yes. |A: I love you; do you love me too? B: I do.}} Omission of the object pronoun is possible even when its referent has not been explicitly mentioned, so long as it can be inferred. The next example might be heard at a store; the referent (a dress) is clear to the interlocutor. In both Brazilian and European Portuguese the pronoun is omitted. {{interlinear|indent=3 |Viu que bonito? Não gosta? Pode comprar?|c1= (BP) |Saw how beautiful? Don't like? Can buy?|c2= (using polite 2nd person) (BP) |}} {{interlinear|indent=3 |Viste que bonito? Não gostas? Podes comprar?|c1= (EP) |Saw how beautiful? Don't like? Can buy?|c2= (using informal 2nd person) (EP) |Have you seen how beautiful it is? Do you like it? Can you buy it?}}
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