Editing Problem of Hell (section)

==Empty Hell theory==
Some Roman Catholic theologians prominent around the time of the [[Second Vatican Council]], such as [[Karl Rahner]], Gisbert Greshake, and Cardinal [[Hans Urs von Balthasar]]<ref>Hans Urs von Balthasar «Hoffnung auf das Heil aller?». ''Dare we hope: "that all men be saved"?; with, A short discourse on hell''</ref> have at length discussed the possibility that any man may be led by a final grace to freely willed repentance if necessary at least at some point in the process of dying. This possible process is described thus by the late Munich dogmatic Prof. [[Michael Schmaus]]:<ref>Michael Schmaus, ''Der Glaube der Kirche'' ("The Faith of the Church") VI/II p. 84</ref>
<blockquote>If in terms of theology death is a meeting of a man with God in so far as God calls man and he answers obedience, readiness and love, it would be surprising if in the moment of dying the chances of taking position never were given, even contrary to the outward look. ... One cannot apply to experience as counter-argument, because ... what happens then in the interior and behind the physiological processes is only known by someone who experiences dying itself, and this unto its very end. We may assume that in the dissolving process of the earthly union of body and soul and with the progressing breakaway from earthly entanglements, a special awakeness accrues to man ... in which he can say yea or nay to God.</blockquote>

Balthasar was careful to describe his opinion that Hell might be empty as merely a hope, but even this claim was rejected by most conservative Catholics, including Cardinal [[Avery Dulles]].<ref>David L. Schindler ''Hans Urs von Balthasar: his life and work'' "Until then he had not published very much about obedience and marriage in paradise. The controversy about Hell was left entirely to the final years of von Balthasar's life. At the time no one could have known how much these themes owed to the inspiration of Adrienne von Speyr".</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}} The [[Syllabus of Errors|Syllabus]] says in no. 17 that we may not (even) hope for the salvation of all non-Catholics;{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} this seems to mean conversely that there is at least one non-Catholic in all history who will not be saved. {{Bibleverse|Matthew|7:21–23|KJV}} seems to say that "many" will be reproved, which may imply hell (not some lesser [[purgatory]]). On the other hand, error no. 17 in question only speaks of those "in the true Church of Christ", which need not imply the visible Church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/P9SYLL.HTM|title=The Syllabus |last=Pope Pius IX}}</ref> Roman Catholicism not only allows for the possibility that non-Catholics can be saved, and even rejected the view known as [[Feeneyism]], which held that only people in visible communion with the Catholic Church could be saved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicity.com/commentary/shea/00059.html|title=Can Non-Catholics Be Saved?|last=Shea|first=Mark}}</ref>