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Process philosophy
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=== Biology === In [[plant morphology]], [[Rolf Sattler]] developed a process morphology (dynamic morphology) that overcomes the structure/process (or structure/function) dualism that is commonly taken for granted in biology. According to process morphology, structures such as leaves of plants do not have processes, they ''are'' processes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sattler | first1 = R | year = 1990 | title = Towards a more dynamic plant morphology | journal = [[Acta Biotheoretica]] | volume = 38 | issue = 3–4| pages = 303–315 | doi = 10.1007/BF00047245 | s2cid = 84421634 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sattler | first1 = R | year = 1992 | title = Process morphology: structural dynamics in development and evolution | journal = [[Canadian Journal of Botany]] | volume = 70 | issue = 4| pages = 708–714 | doi = 10.1139/b92-091 }}</ref> In [[evolution]] and in [[Developmental biology|development]], the nature of the changes of biological objects are considered by many authors to be more radical than in physical systems. In biology, changes are not just changes of state in a pre-given space, instead the space and more generally the mathematical structures required to understand object change over time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Montévil|first1=Maël|last2=Mossio|first2=Matteo|last3=Pocheville|first3=Arnaud|last4=Longo|first4=Giuseppe|date=2016-10-01|title=Theoretical principles for biology: Variation|url=https://www.academia.edu/27942089|journal=Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology|series=From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches|volume=122|issue=1|pages=36–50|doi=10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005|pmid=27530930|s2cid=3671068 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Montévil|first2=Maël|last3=Kauffman|first3=Stuart|title=Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation |chapter=No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere |date=2012-01-01|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11720588|series=GECCO '12|location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=1379–1392|doi=10.1145/2330784.2330946|isbn=9781450311786|arxiv=1201.2069|bibcode=2012arXiv1201.2069L|s2cid=15609415}}</ref>
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