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Pyramid
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==== United States ==== [[File:Mississippian culture mound components HRoe 2011.jpg|thumb|A diagram showing the various components of Eastern North American platform mounds]] [[File:Monk Mound - Flickr - GregTheBusker.jpg|thumb|[[Monks Mound]], [[Cahokia]]]] Many pre-Columbian [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] societies of ancient North America built large pyramidal [[earth structure]]s known as [[platform mound]]s. Among the largest and best-known of these structures is [[Monks Mound]] at the site of [[Cahokia]] in what became [[Illinois]], completed around 1100 AD. It has a base larger than that of the Great Pyramid. Many mounds underwent repeated episodes of expansion. They are believed to have played a central role in the mound-building peoples' religious life. Documented uses include semi-public [[Tribal chief|chief]]'s house platforms, public [[temple]] platforms, [[mortuary]] platforms, [[charnel house]] platforms, [[earth lodge]]/town house platforms, residence platforms, square ground and rotunda platforms, and dance platforms.<ref name="PLATFORM">{{cite journal |last1=Lindauer |first1=Owen |last2=Blitz |first2=John H. |year=1997 |title=Higher Ground: The Archaeology of North American Platform Mounds |url=http://anthropology.ua.edu/reprints/18.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Archaeological Research |volume=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415101152/http://anthropology.ua.edu/reprints/18.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-15 |access-date=2011-11-02 |number=2 |pages=169β207 |doi=10.1007/BF02229110 }}</ref><ref name="HANDBOOK">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3JH-TPFjLk4C&q=construction+of+platform+mounds&pg=PA741|title=Handbook of North American Indians : Southeast|author=Raymond Fogelson|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|date=20 September 2004|isbn=978-0-16-072300-1|page=741|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520152545/https://books.google.com/books?id=3JH-TPFjLk4C&q=construction+of+platform+mounds&pg=PA741|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FLORIDAANTHRO">{{cite journal|journal=Florida Anthropologist|title=The Etowah Site, Mound C :Barlow County, Georgia|author1=Henry van der Schalie|author2=Paul W. Parmalee|volume=8|date=September 1960|pages=37β39|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00027829/00135/1j|access-date=2011-11-02|archive-date=2021-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418080526/https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00027829/00135/1j|url-status=live}}</ref> Cultures that built substructure mounds include the [[Troyville culture]], [[Coles Creek culture]], [[Plaquemine culture]] and [[Mississippian culture]]s.
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