Editing Reactive oxygen species (section)

===Tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis===
After growth factor stimulation of RTKs, ROS can trigger activation of signaling pathways involved in cell migration and invasion such as members of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family – extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH-2 terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. ROS can also promote migration by augmenting phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) p130Cas and paxilin.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tochhawng L, Deng S, Pervaiz S, Yap CT |date=May 2013 |title=Redox regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion |journal=Mitochondrion |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=246–253 |doi=10.1016/j.mito.2012.08.002 |pmid=22960576}}</ref>

Both in vitro and in vivo, ROS have been shown to induce transcription factors and modulate signaling molecules involved in angiogenesis (MMP, VEGF) and metastasis (upregulation of AP-1, CXCR4, AKT and downregulation of PTEN).<ref name="pmid22117137" />