Editing Scientific notation (section)

== References ==
{{reflist |refs=
<ref name="Calio_2017">{{cite book |author-last1=Caliò |author-first1=Franca |author-first2=Lazzari |author-last2=Alessandro |title=Elements of Mathematics with Numerical Applications |publisher=Società Editrice Esculapio |pages=30–32 |date=September 2017 |isbn=978-8-89385052-0}}</ref>
<ref name="Edwards_2009">{{cite book |author-last=Edwards |author-first=John |date=2009 |title=Submission Guidelines for Authors: HPS 2010 Midyear Proceedings |publisher=Health Physics Society |place=McLean, VA |page=5 |url=http://hps.org/documents/2010_midyear_author-submission-guidelines.pdf |access-date=2013-03-30 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fortran">However, E notation was not included in the preliminary specification of Fortran, as of 1954. {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=Specifications for: The IBM Mathematical FORmula TRANSlating System, FORTRAN |type=Preliminary report |author-first1=John Warner |author-last1=Backus |author-link1=John Warner Backus |author-first2=Harlan L. |author-last2=Herrick |author-first3=Robert A. |author-last3=Nelson |author-first4=Irving |author-last4=Ziller |display-authors=0 |editor-first=John Warner |editor-last=Backus |editor-link=John Warner Backus |publisher=Programming Research Group, Applied Science Division, [[International Business Machines Corporation]] |place=New York |date=1954-11-10 |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Fortran/102679231.05.01.acc.pdf |access-date=2022-07-04 }} (29 pages) {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=The FORTRAN Automatic Coding System for the IBM 704 EDPM: Programmer's Reference Manual |publisher=Applied Science Division and Programming Research Department, [[International Business Machines Corporation]] |place=New York |date=1956-10-15 |editor-first=David |editor-last=Sayre |editor-link=David Sayre |author-first1=John Warner |author-last1=Backus |author-link1=John Warner Backus |author-first2=Robert J. |author-last2=Beeber |author-first3=Sheldon F. |author-last3=Best |author-first4=Richard |author-last4=Goldberg |author-link4=Richard Goldberg |author-first5=Harlan L. |author-last5=Herrick |author-first6=Robert A. |author-last6=Hughes |author-first7=Lois B. |author-last7=Mitchell (Haibt) |author-link7=Lois B. Mitchell |author-first8=Robert A. |author-last8=Nelson |author-first9=Roy |author-last9=Nutt |author-link9=Roy Nutt |author-first10=David |author-last10=Sayre |author-link10=David Sayre |author-first11=Peter B. |author-last11=Sheridan |author-first12=Harold |author-last12=Stern |author-first13=Irving |author-last13=Ziller |display-authors=0 |pages=9, 27 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Fortran/102649787.05.01.acc.pdf |access-date=2022-07-04 }} (2+51+1 pages)</ref>
<ref name="DiGri-King_1958">{{cite journal |title=The SHARE 709 System: Input-Output Translation |author-first1=Vincent J. |author-last1=DiGri |author-first2=Jane E. |author-last2=King |journal=[[Journal of the ACM]] |volume=6 |issue=2 |date=April 1959 |orig-date=1958-06-11 |doi=10.1145/320964.320969 |s2cid=19660148 |pages=141–144 |quote=It tells the input translator that the field to be converted is a decimal number of the form ~X.XXXXE ± YY where E implies that the value of ~x.xxxx is to be scaled by ten to the ±YY power.|doi-access=free }} (4 pages) (NB. This was presented at the ACM meeting 11–13 June 1958.)</ref>
<ref name="Decapower">
Jim Davidson coined ''decapower'' and recommended the "D" separator in the ''[[65 Notes]]'' newsletter for [[Hewlett-Packard]] [[HP-65]] users, and Richard C. Vanderburgh promoted these in the ''[[52-Notes]]'' newsletter for [[Texas Instruments]] [[SR-52]] users. {{pb}}
{{cite journal |author-first=Jim |author-last=Davidson |editor-first=Richard J. |editor-last=Nelson |journal=[[65 Notes]] |place=Santa Ana, CA |date=January 1976 |volume=3 |number=1 |page=4 |id=V3N1P4 |title=(([title unknown]))}} {{pb}}
{{cite journal |editor-first=Richard C. |editor-last=Vanderburgh |title=Decapower |journal=52-Notes – Newsletter of the SR-52 Users Club |volume=1 |number=6 |page=1 |date=November 1976 |id=V1N6P1 |place=Dayton, OH |url=http://www.claudiolarini.altervista.org/pdf/52NOTES.pdf |access-date=2017-05-28 |quote=''Decapower'' – In the January 1976 issue of [[65 Notes|65-Notes]] (V3N1p4) Jim Davidson ([[HP-65]] Users Club member #547) suggested the term "decapower" as a descriptor for the power-of-ten multiplier used in scientific notation displays. I'm going to begin using it in place of "[[exponent]]" which is technically incorrect, and the letter D to separate the "mantissa" from the decapower for typewritten numbers, as Jim also suggests. For example, {{sic|<code>123|<sup>−45</sup></code>|expected=<code>123×10<sup>−45</sup></code>}} which is displayed in scientific notation as <code>1.23 -43</code> will now be written <code>1.23D-43</code>. Perhaps, as this notation gets more and more usage, the calculator manufacturers will change their keyboard abbreviations. HP's EEX and TI's EE could be changed to ED (for enter decapower).}} [https://www.rskey.org/DOCUMENTS/52NOTES/52v1n6.html<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20170528122342/https://www.rskey.org/DOCUMENTS/52NOTES/52v1n6.html -->] {{Cite news |title=Decapower |volume=1 |number=6 |page=1 |date=November 1976 |newspaper=52-Notes – Newsletter of the SR-52 Users Club |place=Dayton, OH |url=http://www.rskey.org/DOCUMENTS/52NOTES/52v1n6.html |access-date=2018-05-07 }} (NB. The term ''decapower'' was frequently used in subsequent issues of this newsletter up to at least 1978.)</ref>
<ref name="UH-Manoa">{{cite web |url=http://www.math.hawaii.edu/lab/197/fortran/fort3.htm#double |title=UH Mānoa Mathematics » Fortran lesson 3: Format, Write, etc. |publisher=Math.hawaii.edu |date=2012-02-12 |access-date=2012-03-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="Sharp">
Specifically, models [[Sharp PC-1280|PC-1280]] (1987), [[Sharp PC-1470U|PC-1470U]] (1987), [[Sharp PC-1475|PC-1475]] (1987), [[Sharp PC-1480U|PC-1480U]] (1988), [[Sharp PC-1490U|PC-1490U]] (1990), [[Sharp PC-1490UII|PC-1490UII]] (1991), [[Sharp PC-E500|PC-E500]] (1988), [[Sharp PC-E500S|PC-E500S]] (1995), [[Sharp PC-E550|PC-E550]] (1990), [[Sharp PC-E650|PC-E650]] (1993), and [[Sharp PC-U6000|PC-U6000]] (1993). {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1280 Bedienungsanleitung |language=de |trans-title=SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1280 Operation Manual |date=1987 |publisher=[[Sharp Corporation]] |id=7M 0.8-I(TINSG1123ECZZ)(3) |pages=56–60 |url=http://www.instructionsmanuals.com/u2/pdf/calculadoras/Sharp-PC1280-de.pdf |access-date=2017-03-06 }} {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1475 Bedienungsanleitung |language=de |trans-title=SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1475 Operation Manual |pages=105–108, 131–134, 370, 375 |date=1987 |publisher=[[Sharp Corporation]] |url=http://www.instructionsmanuals.com/u2/pdf/calculadoras/Sharp-PC1475-de.pdf |access-date=2017-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225090805/http://www.instructionsmanuals.com/u2/pdf/calculadoras/Sharp-PC1475-de.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-25}} {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500 Operation Manual |publisher=[[Sharp Corporation]] |date=1989 |id=9G1KS(TINSE1189ECZZ) <!-- |url=http://basic.hopto.org/basic/manual/Sharp%20PC-E500.pdf |access-date=2017-02-24 -->}} {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-E500S Bedienungsanleitung |language=de |trans-title=SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500S Operation Manual |publisher=[[Sharp Corporation]] |date=1995 |id=6J3KS(TINSG1223ECZZ) |url=http://vininc.de/Literatur/Sharp%20Bedienungsanleitungen/PC-E500S-DE.pdf |access-date=2017-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235944/http://vininc.de/Literatur/Sharp%20Bedienungsanleitungen/PC-E500S-DE.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-24}} {{pb}}
{{cite book |script-title=ja:電言板5 PC-1490UII PROGRAM LIBRARY |trans-title=Telephone board 5 PC-1490UII program library |publisher=University Co-op |language=ja |date=1991 |volume=5}} {{pb}}
{{cite book |script-title=ja:電言板6 PC-U6000 PROGRAM LIBRARY |trans-title=Telephone board 6 PC-U6000 program library |publisher=University Co-op |language=ja |date=1993 |volume=6}} <!-- https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%3A%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AE%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7&type=revision&diff=64766669&oldid=64653791 --></ref>
<ref name="FortranQ">
For instance, DEC FORTRAN 77 (f77), [[Intel Fortran]], Compaq/Digital Visual Fortran, and [[GNU Fortran]] (gfortran) {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=DEC Fortran 77 Manual |chapter=Double Precision, REAL**16 |publisher=[[Digital Equipment Corporation]] |date= |url=https://wwwth.mpp.mpg.de/members/hahn/decfortman.html |access-date=2022-12-21 |quote=Digital Fortran 77 also allows the syntax Qsnnn, if the exponent field is within the T_floating double precision range. […] A REAL*16 constant is a basic real constant or an integer constant followed by a decimal exponent.  A decimal exponent has the form: Qsnn […] s is an optional sign […] nn is a string of decimal digits […] This type of constant is only available on [[DEC Alpha|Alpha system]]s.}} {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=Intel Fortran: Language Reference |date=2005 |orig-date=2003 |publisher=[[Intel Corporation]] |id=253261-003 |pages=3-7–3-8, 3-10 |url=https://www.ehu.eus/sgi/ARCHIVOS/lang_for.pdf |access-date=2022-12-22 }} (858 pages) {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=Compaq Visual Fortran – Language Reference |date=August 2001 |publisher=[[Compaq Computer Corporation]] |place=Houston |url=https://jp.xlsoft.com/documents/intel/cvf/cvf_lref.pdf |access-date=2022-12-22 }} (1441 pages) {{pb}}
{{cite book |title=The GNU Fortran Compiler |chapter=6. Extensions: 6.1 Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran: 6.1.8 Q exponent-letter |date=2014-06-12 |url=https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.7.4/gfortran/_003ccode_003eQ_003c_002fcode_003e-exponent-letter.html#_003ccode_003eQ_003c_002fcode_003e-exponent-letter |access-date=2022-12-21 }}</ref>
<ref name="Naur_1960">{{cite journal |title=Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60 |journal=Communications of the ACM |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Naur |editor-link=Peter Naur |place=Copenhagen |date=1960|volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=299–311 |doi=10.1145/367236.367262 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/367236.367262}}</ref>
<ref name="Savard_2005">{{cite web |title=Computer Arithmetic |at=The Early Days of Hexadecimal |author-first=John J. G. |author-last=Savard |date=2018 |orig-date=2005 |work=quadibloc |url=http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/cp02.htm |access-date=2018-07-16 }}</ref>
<ref name="Bauer-Becker-Graham_1968">{{cite web |title=ALGOL W – Notes For Introductory Computer Science Courses |author-first1=Henry R. |author-last1=Bauer |author-first2=Sheldon |author-last2=Becker |author-first3=Susan L. |author-last3=Graham |date=January 1968 |publisher=[[Stanford University]], Computer Science Department |url=http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/68/86/CS-TR-68-86.pdf |access-date=2017-04-08 }}</ref>
<ref name="Algol_1973">{{cite journal |title=Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 68 |journal=Acta Informatica |volume=5 |pages=1–236 |date=September 1973 |issue=1–3 |doi=10.1007/BF00265077 |citeseerx=10.1.1.219.3999 |s2cid=2490556}}</ref>
<ref name="Unicode">{{citation |mode=cs2 |type=Working Group Document |title=Revised proposal to encode the decimal exponent symbol |last=Broukhis |first=Leonid |date=2008-01-22 |website=unicode.org |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08030r-subscript10.pdf |id=L2/08-030R}} {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode7.0.0/ |title=The Unicode Standard |edition=v. 7.0.0 |access-date=2018-03-23 }}</ref><ref name="Whitaker_1962">{{cite magazine |title=Numerical Prefixes |author-first=Ronald O. |author-last=Whitaker |date=1962-06-15 |magazine=[[Electronics (magazine)|Electronics]] |department=Crosstalk |page=4 |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Electronics/Electronics_V35_N24_19620615.pdf |access-date=2022-12-24 }} (1 page)</ref>
<ref name="TI-83">Also see [[TI calculator character sets]]. {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=http://education.ti.com/downloads/guidebooks/sdk/83p/sdk83pguide.pdf |title=TI-83 Programmer's Guide<!-- exact title to be checked --> |access-date=2010-03-09 }}</ref>
<ref name="SIMULA_1986">{{cite web |title=SIMULA standard as defined by the SIMULA Standards Group – 3.1 Numbers |url=http://prosjekt.ring.hibu.no/simula/Standard/chap_1.htm |access-date=2009-10-06 |date=August 1986 }}</ref>
<ref name="Samples">Samples of usage of terminology and variants: {{pb}}
{{cite web |title=A Computer Program For The Design And Static Analysis Of Single-Point Sub-Surface Mooring Systems: NOYFB |series=WHOI Document Collection |author-first=Donald A. |author-last=Moller |date=June 1976 |type=Technica Report |publisher=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |id=WHOI-76-59 |place=Woods Hole, MA |url=http://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/665/1/WHOI-76-59.pdf |access-date=2015-08-19}} {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.brookscole.com/physics_d/templates/student_resources/003026961X_serway/review/expnot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019061437/http://brookscole.com/physics_d/templates/student_resources/003026961X_serway/review/expnot.html |archive-date=2007-10-19 |title=Cengage – the Leading Provider of Higher Education Course Materials}} {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/nsf/tutorial/ss/ssnot.html |access-date=2007-04-07 |title=Bryn Mawr College: Survival Skills for Problem Solving – Scientific Notation }} {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/Units/sci_notation.html |access-date=2007-04-07 |title=Scientific Notation}} {{pb}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20061029195358/http://www.gnsphysics.com/mathreview.pdf] {{pb}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.ttinet.com/doc/language_v44_003.html#heading_3.2.4.2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503005623/http://www.ttinet.com/doc/language_v44_003.html |archive-date=2015-05-03 |title=INTOUCH 4GL a Guide to the INTOUCH Language}}
</ref>
<ref name="CODATA2014Full">{{cite journal |author-last1=Mohr |author-first1=Peter J. |author-last2=Newell |author-first2=David B. |author-last3=Taylor |author-first3=Barry N. |date=July–September 2016 |title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014 |url=http://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=920687 |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]] |volume=88 |issue=3 |page=035009 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009 |arxiv=1507.07956 |bibcode=2016RvMP...88c5009M |citeseerx=10.1.1.150.1225 |s2cid=1115862}}</ref>
<ref name="Luzum_2011">{{cite journal |author-last1=Luzum |first1=Brian |author-last2=Capitaine |author-first2=Nicole |author-last3=Fienga |author-first3=Agnès |author-last4=Folkner |author-first4=William |author-last5=Fukushima |author-first5=Toshio |author-last6=Hilton |author-first6=James |author-last7=Hohenkerk |author-first7=Catherine |author-last8=Krasinsky |author-first8=George |author-last9=Petit |author-first9=Gérard |author-last10=Pitjeva |author-first10=Elena |author-last11=Soffel |author-first11=Michael |author-last12=Wallace |author-first12=Patrick |title=The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy |journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy |volume=110 |issue=4 |date=August 2011 |pages=293–304 |bibcode=2011CeMDA.110..293L |doi=10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Lide_2000">{{cite book |author=Various |editor-first=David R. |editor-last=Lide |date=2000 |title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |edition=81st |publisher=CRC |isbn=978-0-8493-0481-1}}</ref>
<ref name="Kadzere_2008">{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200810090256.html |title=Zimbabwe: Inflation Soars to 231 Million Percent |publisher=[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]] |place=Harare, Zimbabwe |author-first=Martin |author-last=Kadzere |date=2008-10-09 |access-date=2008-10-10 }}</ref>
<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7660569.stm |title=Zimbabwe inflation hits new high |date=9 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514123525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7660569.stm |archive-date=2009-05-14 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2009-10-09}}</ref>
<ref name="TI_1974_SR-22">{{cite book |title=electronic hexadecimal calculator/converter SR-22 |publisher=[[Texas Instruments Incorporated]] |date=1974 |page=7 |edition=Revision A |id=1304-389 Rev A |url=http://www.datamath.net/Manuals/SR-22_US.pdf |access-date=2017-03-20 }} (NB. This calculator supports floating point numbers in scientific notation in bases 8, 10 and 16.)</ref>
<ref name="Martin_1968">{{cite journal |title=Letters to the editor: On binary notation |author-first=Bruce Alan |author-last=Martin |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 1968 |page=658 |doi=10.1145/364096.364107 |s2cid=28248410|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="HP16C-Lib">{{cite book |title=HP16C Emulator Library for the HP48S/SX |author-first1=Jake |author-last1=Schwartz |author-first2=Rick |author-last2=Grevelle |date=2003-10-20 |orig-date=April 1993 |edition=1 |version=1.20 |url=http://www.pahhc.org/mul8r.htm |access-date=2015-08-15 }} (NB. This library also works on the [[HP 48G]]/[[HP 48GX|GX]]/[[HP 48G+|G+]]. Beyond the feature set of the [[HP-16C]], this package also supports calculations for binary, octal, and hexadecimal [[floating-point number]]s in scientific notation in addition to the usual decimal floating-point numbers.)</ref>
<ref name="HP16C-Add">{{cite book |title=HP16C Emulator Library for the HP48 – Addendum to the Operator's Manual |author-first1=Jake |author-last1=Schwartz |author-first2=Rick |author-last2=Grevelle |date=2003-10-21 |edition=1 |version=1.20 |url=http://www.pahhc.org/mul8r.htm |access-date=2015-08-15 }}</ref>
<ref name="Rationale_2003_C">{{cite web |title=Rationale for International Standard – Programming Languages – C |version=5.10 |date=April 2003 |pages=52, 153–154, 159 |url=http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/C99RationaleV5.10.pdf |access-date=2010-10-17 }}</ref><ref name="printf_2013">{{cite web |title=dprintf, fprintf, printf, snprintf, sprintf – print formatted output |work=The Open Group Base Specifications |edition=Issue 7, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 |date=2013 |orig-date=2001 |author=The IEEE and The Open Group |url=http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/printf.html |access-date=2016-06-21 }}</ref>
<ref name="Beebe_2017_Hex">{{cite book |author-first=Nelson H. F. |author-last=Beebe |title=The Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook – Programming Using the MathCW Portable Software Library |date=2017-08-22 |place=Salt Lake City |publisher=Springer |edition=1 |lccn=2017947446 |isbn=978-3-319-64109-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-64110-2 |s2cid=30244721}}</ref>
<ref name="C++17">{{cite web |work=cppreference.com |title=floating point literal |url=http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/floating_literal |access-date=2017-03-11 |quote=The hexadecimal floating-point literals were not part of C++ until C++17, although they can be parsed and printed by the I/O functions since C++11: both C++ I/O streams when std::hexfloat is enabled and the C I/O streams: std::printf, std::scanf, etc. See std::strtof for the format description.}}</ref>
<ref name="Swift_2017">{{cite web |title=The Swift Programming Language (Swift 3.0.1) |at=Lexical Structure |work=Guides and Sample Code: Developer: Language Reference |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple Corporation]] |url=https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/LexicalStructure.html |access-date=2017-03-11 }}</ref>
<ref name="TI_1973_SR-10">Such as the TI SR-10. {{pb}} {{cite book |title=Texas Instruments electronic slide rule calculator SR-10 |date=1973 |publisher=[[Texas Instruments Incorporated]] |place=Dallas |id=1304-739-266 |url=https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/Calculators/SR-10_US.pdf |access-date=2023-01-01 }} (1+1+45+1 pages) (NB. Although this manual is dated 1973, presumably version 1 of this calculator was introduced in November 1972 according to other sources.)</ref>
}}