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Skyscraper
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===LEED/green building rating=== [[File:Shanghai Tower in 2015 (2).jpg|thumb|[[Shanghai Tower]], the tallest and largest LEED Platinum certified building in the world since 2015.]] Like with all other buildings, if special measures are taken to incorporate [[sustainable design]] methods early on in the design process, it is possible to obtain a green building rating, such as a [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)]] certification. An [[integrated design]] approach is crucial in making sure that design decisions that positively impact the whole building are made at the beginning of the process. Because of the massive scale of skyscrapers, the decisions made by the design team must take all factors into account, including the buildings impact on the surrounding community, the effect of the building on the direction in which air and water move, and the impact of the construction process, must be taken into account. There are several design methods that could be employed in the construction of a skyscraper that would take advantage of the height of the building.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ali|first=Mir|date=2008|title=Overview of Sustainable Design Factors in High-Rise Buildings|url=https://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/1308-overview-of-sustainable-design-factors-in-high-rise-buildings.pdf|journal=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat}}</ref> The microclimates that exist as the height of the building increases can be taken advantage of to increase the [[Passive ventilation|natural ventilation]], decrease the cooling load, and increase daylighting. Natural ventilation can be increased by utilizing the [[stack effect]], in which warm air moves upward and increases the movement of the air within the building. If utilizing the stack effect, buildings must take extra care to design for fire separation techniques, as the stack effect can also exacerbate the severity of a fire.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ayşin Sev|last2=Görkem Aslan|date=4 July 2014|title=Natural Ventilation for the Sustainable Tall Office Buildings of the Future|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1094381|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1094381|journal=Zenodo}}</ref> Skyscrapers are considered to be internally dominated buildings because of their size as well as the fact that a majority are used as some sort of office building with high cooling loads. Due to the microclimate created at the upper floors with the increased wind speed and the decreased dry bulb temperatures, the cooling load will naturally be reduced because of infiltration through the thermal envelope. By taking advantage of the naturally cooler temperatures at higher altitudes, skyscrapers can reduce their cooling loads passively. On the other side of this argument, is the lack of shading at higher altitudes by other buildings, so the [[solar heat gain]] will be larger for higher floors than for floors at the lower end of the building. Special measures should be taken to shade upper floors from sunlight during the overheated period to ensure thermal comfort without increasing the cooling load.<ref name=":3" />
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