Editing Total internal reflection (section)

== References ==

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=ambrose-1956>{{cite journal|mode=cs2|author=E.J. Ambrose|s2cid=4290898|title=A surface contact microscope for the study of cell movements|journal=Nature|date=24 November 1956|volume=178|issue=4543|page=1194|bibcode=1956Natur.178.1194A|doi=10.1038/1781194a0|pmid=13387666|doi-access=free}}.</ref>

<ref name=antich-et-al-1991>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/jbmr.5650060414|title=Measurement of mechanical properties of bone material in vitro by ultrasound reflection: Methodology and comparison with ultrasound transmission|year=2009|last1=Antich|first1=Peter P.|last2=Anderson|first2=Jon A.|last3=Ashman|first3=Richard B.|last4=Dowdey|first4=James E.|last5=Gonzales|first5=Jerome|last6=Murry|first6=Robert C.|last7=Zerwekh|first7=Joseph E.|last8=Pak|first8=Charles Y. C.|journal=Journal of Bone and Mineral Research|volume=6|issue=4|pages=417–426|pmid=1858525|s2cid=6914223}}.</ref>

<ref name=archard-taylor-1948>{{cite journal|mode=cs2|author1=J.F. Archard|author2=A.M. Taylor|title=Improved Glan-Foucault prism|journal=Journal of Scientific Instruments|date=December 1948|volume=25|issue=12|pages=407–9|doi=10.1088/0950-7671/25/12/304|bibcode=1948JScI...25..407A}}.</ref>

<ref name=astheimer-et-al-1966>{{cite journal|mode=cs2|author1=R.W. Astheimer|author2=G. Falbel|author3=S. Minkowitz|title=Infrared modulation by means of frustrated total internal reflection|journal=Applied Optics|date=January 1966|volume=5|issue=1|pages=87–91|doi=10.1364/AO.5.000087|pmid=20048791|bibcode=1966ApOpt...5...87A}}.</ref>

<ref name=axelrod-1981>{{cite journal|mode=cs2|author=D. Axelrod|title=Cell-substrate contacts illuminated by total internal reflection fluorescence|journal=Journal of Cell Biology|date=April 1981|volume=89|issue=1|pages=141–5|doi=10.1083/jcb.89.1.141|pmid=7014571|pmc=2111781}}.</ref>

<ref name=axelrod-2001>{{cite journal|mode=cs2|author=D. Axelrod|title=Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy in Cell Biology|journal=Traffic|date=November 2001|volume=2|issue=11|pages=764–74|doi=10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.21104.x|pmid=11733042|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72779/1/j.1600-0854.2001.21104.x.pdf|hdl=2027.42/72779|s2cid=15202097|hdl-access=free}}.</ref>

<ref name=berman-2012>P.R. Berman, 2012, [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Goos-H%C3%A4nchen_effect "Goos-Hänchen effect"], ''Scholarpedia'' '''7'''&nbsp;(3):&nbsp;11584,{{tsp}} §{{nnbsp}}2.1, especially eqs.{{nnbsp}}(1)&nbsp;to&nbsp;(3). Note that Berman's {{math|''n''}} is the reciprocal of the {{math|''n''}} in the present article.</ref>

<ref name=bliokh-aiello-2013>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1088/2040-8978/15/1/014001|title = Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov beam shifts: An overview|year = 2013|last1 = Bliokh|first1 = K. Y.|last2 = Aiello|first2 = A.|s2cid = 118380597|journal = Journal of Optics|volume = 15|issue = 1|page = 014001|arxiv = 1210.8236|bibcode = 2013JOpt...15a4001B}}</ref>

<ref name=bowley-2009>R. Bowley, 2009, [http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/reflection.htm "Total Internal Reflection"] (4-minute video), ''Sixty Symbols'', [[Brady Haran]] for the [[University of Nottingham]], from 1:25.</ref>

<ref name=brewster-priority>This effect had been previously discovered by [[David Brewster|Brewster]], but not yet adequately reported. See: [https://books.google.com/books?id=KBE_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213 "On a new species of moveable polarization"], ''{{bracket|Quarterly}} Journal of Science and the Arts'', vol.{{nnbsp}}2, no.{{hsp}}3, 1817, p.{{hsp}}213;&nbsp; [[Thomas Young (scientist)|T.&nbsp;Young]], "Chromatics", ''Supplement to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica'', vol.{{nnbsp}}3 (first half, issued February 1818), pp.{{nnbsp}}141–63, at [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125011196801#page/n258/mode/1up p.{{hsp}}157];&nbsp; Lloyd, 1834, p.{{hsp}}368.</ref>

<ref name=bruce-et-al-2016>E.{{nnbsp}}Bruce, R.{{nnbsp}}Bendure, S.{{nnbsp}}Krein, and N.{{nnbsp}}Lighthizer, [https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/zoom-in-on-gonioscopy "Zoom in on Gonioscopy"], ''Review of Optometry'', 21&nbsp;September 2016.</ref>

<ref name=ehrlich-1997>R. Ehrlich, 1997, ''Why Toast Lands Jelly-side Down: Zen and the Art of Physics Demonstrations'', Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-691-02891-0}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uPw2b_9QXQwC&pg=PA182 p.{{hsp}}182], accessed 26&nbsp;March 2019.</ref>

<ref name=feynman-1963>R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, and M.&nbsp;Sands, 1963–2013, ''The Feynman Lectures on Physics'', California Institute of Technology, Volume&nbsp;{{serif|II}},{{tsp}} [https://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_33.html#Ch33-S6 §{{nnbsp}}33-6].</ref>

<ref name=feynman-1988>R.P. Feynman, 1985 (seventh printing, 1988), ''QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter'', Princeton University Press, esp.&nbsp;pp.{{nnbsp}}33,{{nnbsp}}109–10.</ref>

<ref name=frankel-1976>E. Frankel (May&nbsp;1976), "Corpuscular optics and the wave theory of light: The science and politics of a revolution in physics", ''Social Studies of Science'', '''6'''&nbsp;(2): 141–84, at p.{{nnbsp}}145.</ref>

<ref name=fresnel-1817>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les modifications que la réflexion imprime à la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on the modifications that reflection impresses on polarized light"), signed & submitted 10&nbsp;November 1817, read 24&nbsp;November 1817; printed in Fresnel, 1866, pp.{{nnbsp}}441–85, including pp.{{nnbsp}}452 (rediscovery of depolarization by total internal reflection), 455 (two reflections, "coupled prisms", "parallelepiped in glass"), 467–8 (phase difference per reflection); see also p.{{hsp}}487, note&nbsp;1, for the date of reading.</ref>

<ref name=fresnel-1821a>A. Fresnel, "Note sur le calcul des teintes que la polarisation développe dans les lames cristallisées" et&nbsp;seq., ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', Ser.{{nnbsp}}2, vol.{{nnbsp}}17, pp.{{nnbsp}}102–11 (May 1821), 167–96 (June 1821), 312–15 ("Postscript", July 1821); reprinted in Fresnel, 1866, pp.{{nnbsp}}609–48; translated as "On the calculation of the tints that polarization develops in crystalline plates, &amp;&nbsp;postscript", {{Zenodo|4058004}}, 2021.</ref>

<ref name=fresnel-1822z>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur la double réfraction que les rayons lumineux éprouvent en traversant les aiguilles de cristal de roche suivant les directions parallèles à l'axe", read 9&nbsp;December 1822; printed in Fresnel, 1866, pp.{{nnbsp}}731–51 (full text), pp.{{nnbsp}}719–29 (''extrait'', first published in ''Bulletin de la Société philomathique'' for 1822, pp.{{nnbsp}}191–8); full text translated as "Memoir on the double refraction that light rays undergo in traversing the needles of quartz in the directions parallel to the axis", {{Zenodo|4745976}}, 2021.</ref>

<ref name=fresnel-1823a>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur la loi des modifications que la réflexion imprime à la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on the law of the modifications that reflection impresses on polarized light"), read 7&nbsp;January 1823; reprinted in Fresnel, 1866, pp.{{nnbsp}}767–99 (full text, published 1831), pp.{{nnbsp}}753–62 (extract, published 1823). See especially pp.{{nnbsp}}773 (sine law), 757 (tangent law), 760–61 and 792–6 (angles of total internal reflection for given phase differences).</ref>

<ref name=gat-gon>Glaucoma Associates of Texas, [http://glaucomaassociates.com/glaucoma-tests-and-diagnosis/gonioscopy/ "Gonioscopy"], accessed 29&nbsp;March 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20180822021649/http://glaucomaassociates.com/glaucoma-tests-and-diagnosis/gonioscopy/ archived] 22&nbsp;August 2018.</ref>

<ref name=gourlay-2015>J. Gourlay, [https://www.led-professional.com/resources-1/articles/making-light-work-2013-light-sources-for-modern-lighting-requirements "Making Light Work – Light Sources for Modern Lighting Requirements"], ''LED&nbsp;Professional'', accessed 29&nbsp;March 2019; [https://www.led-professional.com/resources-1/articles/making-light-work-2013-light-sources-for-modern-lighting-requirements archived] 12&nbsp;April 2016.</ref>

<ref name=graham-tilt>J.R. Graham, [https://www.gemsociety.org/article/stonedesign-brightness-settings/ "Can you cut a gem design for tilt brightness?"], International Gem Society, accessed 21&nbsp;March 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214015732/https://www.gemsociety.org/article/stonedesign-brightness-settings/ archived] 14&nbsp;December 2018.</ref>

<ref name=harrick-1962>N.J. Harrick (1962-3), [http://www.extra.research.philips.com/hera/people/aarts/_Philips%20Bound%20Archive/PTechReview/PTechReview-24-1962_63-271.pdf "Fingerprinting via total internal reflection"]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Philips Technical Review'', '''24'''&nbsp;(9): 271–4; [https://web.archive.org/web/20240114200413/https://pearl-hifi.com/06_Lit_Archive/02_PEARL_Arch/Vol_16/Sec_53/Philips_Tech_Review/PTechReview-24-1962_63-271.pdf archived] January 2024</ref>

<ref name=harvard-ftir>Cf.{{tsp}} Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations, [https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/frustrated-total-internal-reflection "Frustrated Total Internal Reflection"], accessed 9&nbsp;April 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20180802161335/https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/frustrated-total-internal-reflection archived] 2&nbsp;August 2018.</ref>

<ref name=hella>HELLA GmbH & Co.{{tsp}}KGaA, [https://www.hella.com/techworld/au/Technical/Car-electronics-and-electrics/Check-change-rain-sensor-42078/ "Rain sensor & headlight sensor testing – Repair instructions & fault diagnosis"], accessed 9&nbsp;April 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124216/https://www.hella.com/techworld/au/Technical/Car-electronics-and-electrics/Check-change-rain-sensor-42078/ archived] 8&nbsp;April 2019.</ref>

<ref name=coldatoms>Laboratory of Cold Atoms Near Surfaces (Jagiellonian University), [http://www.coldatoms.com/en/research/evanescent-wave/23-waciwoci-fali-zanikajcej.html "Evanescent wave properties"], accessed 11&nbsp;April 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20180428004832/http://www.coldatoms.com/en/research/evanescent-wave/23-waciwoci-fali-zanikajcej.html archived] 28&nbsp;April 2018. (''N.B.:'' This page uses {{mvar|z}} for the coordinate normal to the interface, and the superscripts ⊥ and ∥ for the ''s'' ("TE") and ''p'' polarizations, respectively. Pages on this site use the time-dependent factor {{math|''e''<sup>+''iωt''</sup>}} —&nbsp;that is, the electrical engineers' time-dependent factor with the physicists' symbol for the imaginary unit.)</ref>

<ref name=lynch-2015>Cf.{{tsp}} D.K. Lynch (1&nbsp;February 2015), [https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/fulltext.cfm?uri=ao-54-4-B8&id=301426 "Snell's window in wavy water"], ''Applied Optics'', '''54'''&nbsp;(4): B8–B11, {{doi|10.1364/AO.54.0000B8}}.</ref>

<ref name=mach-2003>E. Mach (tr.{{px2}} J.S.{{tsp}}Anderson & A.F.A.{{tsp}}Young), ''The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment'' (London: Methuen & Co, 1926), reprinted Mineola, NY: Dover, 2003, pp.{{nnbsp}}30–32.</ref>

<ref name=merriamW-ca>Merriam-Webster, Inc., [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/critical%20angle "critical angle"], accessed 21&nbsp;April 2019. (No primary source is given.)</ref>

<ref name=nave-prisms>R. Nave, [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/Polpri.html "Prisms for Polarization"] (Nicol, Glan–Foucault), Georgia State University, accessed 27&nbsp;March 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190325131327/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/Polpri.html archived] 25&nbsp;March 2019.</ref>

<ref name=noldus-catwalk>Noldus Information Technology, [https://www.noldus.com/animal-behavior-research/products/catwalk "CatWalk™&nbsp;XT"], accessed 29&nbsp;March 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190325131350/https://www.noldus.com/animal-behavior-research/products/catwalk archived] 25&nbsp;March 2019.</ref>

<ref name=pjs>'PJS' (author), [https://community.plm.automation.siemens.com/t5/Testing-Knowledge-Base/Sound-Pressure-Sound-Power-and-Sound-Intensity-What-s-the/ta-p/382834 "Sound Pressure, Sound Power, and Sound Intensity: What's the difference?"] ''Siemens PLM Community'', accessed 10&nbsp;April 2019; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190410061749/https://community.plm.automation.siemens.com/t5/Testing-Knowledge-Base/Sound-Pressure-Sound-Power-and-Sound-Intensity-What-s-the/ta-p/382834 archived] 10&nbsp;April 2019.</ref>

<ref name=rudd-1971>{{Cite journal |pmc = 2370306|year = 1971|last1 = Rudd|first1 = W. W.|title = Fiberoptic Colonoscopy: A Dramatic Advance in Colon Surgery|journal = Canadian Family Physician |volume = 17|issue = 12|pages = 42–45|pmid = 20468707}}</ref>

<ref name=sabra-1981>A.I. Sabra, ''Theories of Light: From Descartes to Newton'' (London: Oldbourne Book Co., 1967), reprinted Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp.{{nnbsp}}111–12.</ref>

<ref name=thermo-fisher>Thermo Fisher Scientific, [https://www.thermofisher.com/au/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis-learning-center/molecular-spectroscopy-information/ftir-information/ftir-sample-handling-techniques/ftir-sample-handling-techniques-attenuated-total-reflection-atr.html "FTIR Sample Techniques: Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)"], accessed 9&nbsp;April 2019.</ref>

<ref name=wollaston-1802a>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1098/rstl.1802.0014| title=XII. A method of examining refractive and dispersive powers, by prismatic reflection| journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London| year=1802| volume=92| pages=365–380| s2cid=110328209}}</ref>

<ref name=young-1814>Cf.{{tsp}} Thomas Young in the ''Quarterly Review'', April 1814, reprinted in T.{{nnbsp}}Young (ed. G.{{nnbsp}}Peacock), ''Miscellaneous Works of the late Thomas Young'', London: J.&nbsp;Murray, 1855, vol.{{tsp}}1, at [https://books.google.com/books?id=GyzPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA263 p.{{nnbsp}}263].</ref>

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