Editing Urfa (section)

===First World War and after===
[[File:TripartiteAgreement1920.jpg|thumb|Map showing the borders set by the [[Treaty of Sevres]], which assigned Urfa to the French-controlled [[Mandate of Syria]]. Urfa is shown here just below the dotted red line, and directly above the "Y" in "Syria".]]
During the [[First World War]], Urfa was a site of the [[Armenian genocide|Armenian]] and [[Assyrian genocide|Assyrian]] genocides, beginning in 1915.<ref name="armenian-genocide.org">{{cite web |title=Chronology of the Armenian Genocide – 1915 (July–September) |url=https://www.armenian-genocide.org/1915-3.html |website=Armenian-Genocide.org |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref> Members of Urfa's Armenian community were deported and killed.<ref name="Akçam 1999">{{cite book |last1=Akçam |first1=Taner |title=A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility |date=1999 |page=200 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=9780805086652 |edition=English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-_XTh0M4swC&pg=PA200 |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref> In May, 18 families were deported from Urfa, and in June, 50 people were arrested, tortured, and then deported to Diyarbakır, where they were killed on the road.<ref name="Akçam 1999"/> Urfa was also a stop on the deportation route, and the [[Urfa resistance]] in October was composed of Armenians deported from Van and Diyarbakır.<ref name="Akçam 1999"/> Survivors from killings elsewhere had begun to arrive in Urfa, and by mid-August, massacres had begun in Urfa itself.<ref name="Akçam 1999"/> Some 400 Armenians were taken to the edge of town and killed during a four-day period from 15–19 August.<ref name="Akçam 1999"/>{{refn|group=note|Armenian-Genocide.org presents a somewhat different timeline: according to them, the first killings happened on 19 August, when about 250 Armenians were killed, and the second round happened four days later on 23 August.<ref name="armenian-genocide.org"/>}} Another massacre took place on 23 September, when 300 Armenians were killed.<ref name="armenian-genocide.org"/>

In response to the Urfa resistance in October, [[Mehmet Celal Bey]], who had served as governor of Aleppo before being sacked for refusing to comply with the order to deport the local Armenians, commented: "Each human has the right to live. A trampled worm will squirm and wriggle. The Armenians will defend themselves."<ref name="Akçam 1999"/> The final event of the resistance was on 15 October, when several thousand Turkish troops attacked their position.<ref name="armenian-genocide.org"/> The next day, some 20,000 Armenian deportees in transit were killed in and around Urfa.<ref name="armenian-genocide.org"/>

Meanwhile, during the Russian [[occupation of Western Armenia]], many Turks fleeing those regions came and settled in Urfa.<ref name="Saraç 2018"/>{{rp|22}} Mehmet Adil Saraç estimates that around 8 to 10 thousand Turks migrated to the Urfa region this way.<ref name="Saraç 2018"/>{{rp|22}}

At the end of the First World War, the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] assigned Urfa to the French-controlled [[Mandate of Syria]], 5&nbsp;km south of the border with Turkey.<ref name="Treaty of Sèvres">{{cite book |title=Original text of the Treaty of Sèvres |date=1920  |url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1920/TS0011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531175547/http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1920/TS0011.pdf |access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>{{rp|15}} As a result, Urfa was occupied by British and then French troops.<ref name="Saraç 2018"/>{{rp|17}} Locals from Urfa formed a militia and successfully drove out the occupying troops on 11 April 1920.<ref name="Saraç 2018"/>{{rp|17}} The 1923 [[Treaty of Lausanne]] officially settled the matter by including Urfa as part of the new [[Republic of Turkey]].<ref name="Brill EoI"/>{{rp|593}} Under the new republic, Urfa was made capital of the new [[Urfa Province]] on 20 April 1924.<ref name="Saraç 2018"/>{{rp|17}}