Editing Wireless sensor network (section)

===Threat detection===
The [[Wide Area Tracking System]] (WATS) is a prototype network for detecting a ground-based nuclear device<ref>{{cite web |title=A national strategy against terrorism using weapons of mass destruction |url=https://str.llnl.gov/str/Imbro.html |website=str.llnl.gov |publisher=Science & Technology Review |access-date=26 February 2019 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502044856/https://str.llnl.gov/str/Imbro.html  }}</ref> such as a [[Suitcase nuclear device|nuclear "briefcase bomb"]]. WATS is being developed at the [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL). WATS would be made up of wireless gamma and neutron sensors connected through a communications network. Data picked up by the sensors undergoes [[Sensor fusion|"data fusion"]], which converts the information into easily interpreted forms; this data fusion is the most important aspect of the system.<ref name="FAS">{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1997_h/has274010_1.htm#79 |website=fas.org |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |title=Striving for a Safer World Since 1945 |access-date=2019-02-26 |archive-date=2016-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316140126/http://fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1997_h/has274010_1.htm#79  }}</ref>{{Obsolete source|reason=source site is a blog aggregator that appears not to be searchable |date=February 2019}}

The data fusion process occurs ''within'' the sensor network rather than at a centralized computer and is performed by a specially developed algorithm based on [[Bayesian statistics]].<ref name="SFD">{{cite web |last1=Hills |first1=Rob |title=Sensing for Danger |url=https://str.llnl.gov/str/JulAug01/Hills.html |website=str.llnl.gov |publisher=Science & Technology Review |access-date=26 February 2019 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502040310/https://str.llnl.gov/str/JulAug01/Hills.html  }}</ref> WATS would not use a centralized computer for analysis because researchers found that factors such as latency and available bandwidth tended to create significant bottlenecks. Data processed in the field by the network itself (by transferring small amounts of data between neighboring sensors) is faster and makes the network more scalable.<ref name="SFD"/>

An important factor in WATS development is ''ease of deployment'', since more sensors both improves the detection rate and reduces false alarms.<ref name="SFD"/> WATS sensors could be deployed in permanent positions or mounted in vehicles for mobile protection of specific locations. One barrier to the implementation of WATS is the size, weight, energy requirements and cost of currently available wireless sensors.<ref name="SFD"/> The development of improved sensors is a major component of current research at the Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and International Security (NAI) Directorate at LLNL.

WATS was profiled to the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives']] Military Research and Development Subcommittee on October 1, 1997, during a hearing on nuclear terrorism and countermeasures.<ref name="FAS"/> On August 4, 1998, in a subsequent meeting of that subcommittee, Chairman [[Curt Weldon]] stated that research funding for WATS had been cut by the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] administration to a subsistence level and that the program had been poorly re-organized.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/security/has216010.000/has216010_1.HTM#12 |website=commdocs.house.gov|publisher=US House of Representatives|access-date=26 February 2019|title=U.S./Russian National Security Interests}}</ref>

==== Incident monitoring ====
Studies show that using sensors for incident monitoring improve the response of firefighters and police to an unexpected situation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aguilar|first=Mónica|title=INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities|journal=IEEE Access|year=2020|volume=8|pages=72435–72460|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9064504|doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987483|arxiv=2312.07787 |bibcode=2020IEEEA...872435I |s2cid=218468946|hdl=2117/328871|hdl-access=free}}</ref> For an early detection of incidents we can use acoustic sensors to detect a spike in the noise of the city because of a possible accident,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pastor|first=Adolfo|title=Psychoacoustic Annoyance Implementation With Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks for Monitoring in Smart Cities|journal=IEEE Internet of Things Journal|year=2020|volume=7|pages=128–136|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8865089|doi=10.1109/JIOT.2019.2946971|s2cid=208111073|hdl=10550/106322|hdl-access=free}}</ref> or use termic sensors to detect a possible fire.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lloret|first=Jaime|title=A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Rural and Forest Fire Detection and Verification|journal= Sensors|year=2009|volume=9|issue=11|pages=8722–8747|doi=10.3390/s91108722|pmid=22291533|bibcode=2009Senso...9.8722L|s2cid=13104461|pmc=3260610|doi-access=free}}</ref>