Editing Work for hire (section)

==== Canada ====
{{main|Authorship and ownership in copyright law in Canada}}

Section 13 of the Canadian ''[[Copyright Act (Canada)|Copyright Act]]'' provides that the first owner of the copyright in a work is typically the author, except that the copyright for a work made in the course of employment initially vests in the author's employer:

{{Quote
|text=Where the author of a work was in the employment of some other person under a contract of service or apprenticeship and the work was made in the course of his employment by that person, the person by whom the author was employed shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be the first owner of the copyright, but where the work is an article or other contribution to a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical, there shall, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, be deemed to be reserved to the author a right to restrain the publication of the work, otherwise than as part of a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical.
|source=[https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-c-42/latest/rsc-1985-c-c-42.html R.S., 1985, c. C-42], s. 13(3)
}}

Prior to June 29, 2012, Section 13(2) provided that the first owner of the copyright in commissioned [[engraving]]s, [[photographs]], and portraits was the person who paid for the works to be made:

{{Quote
|text=Where, in the case of an engraving, photograph or portrait, the plate or other original was ordered by some other person and was made for valuable consideration, and the consideration was paid, in pursuance of that order, in the absence of any agreement to the contrary, the person by whom the plate or other original was ordered shall be the first owner of the copyright.
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110509214917/https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-c-42/latest/rsc-1985-c-c-42.html R.S., 1985, c. C-42], s. 13(2)
}}

This provision was repealed by the ''[[Copyright Modernization Act]]'', which received royal assent on June 29, 2012.