Editing Agent-based model (section)

===Self-driving cars===
Hallerbach et al. discussed the application of agent-based approaches for the development and validation of automated driving systems via a digital twin of the vehicle-under-test and microscopic traffic simulation based on independent agents.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hallerbach |first1=S. |last2=Xia |first2=Y. |last3=Eberle |first3=U. |last4=Koester |first4=F. |title=Simulation-Based Identification of Critical Scenarios for Cooperative and Automated Vehicles |journal=SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles |date=2018 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=93–106 |publisher=SAE International |doi=10.4271/2018-01-1066 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324194968}}</ref> [[Waymo]] has created a multi-agent simulation environment Carcraft to test algorithms for [[self-driving car]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madrigal |first1=Story by Alexis C. |title=Inside Waymo's Secret World for Training Self-Driving Cars |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/08/inside-waymos-secret-testing-and-simulation-facilities/537648/ |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=The Atlantic |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814195438/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/08/inside-waymos-secret-testing-and-simulation-facilities/537648/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connors |first1=J. |last2=Graham |first2=S. |last3=Mailloux |first3=L. |title=Cyber Synthetic Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Applications |journal=International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security |date=2018 |page=594-XI |publisher=Academic Conferences International Limited}}</ref> It simulates traffic interactions between human drivers, pedestrians and automated vehicles. People's behavior is imitated by artificial agents based on data of real human behavior. The basic idea of using agent-based modeling to understand self-driving cars was discussed as early as 2003.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Yang|first1=Guoqing|last2=Wu|first2=Zhaohui|last3=Li|first3=Xiumei|last4=Chen|first4=Wei|title=Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems |chapter=SVE: Embedded agent based smart vehicle environment |date=2003|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1252782|volume=2|pages=1745–1749 vol.2|doi=10.1109/ITSC.2003.1252782|isbn=0-7803-8125-4|s2cid=110177067|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131211240/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1252782|url-status=live}}</ref>